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(Zooth 213) Genetics > Genetic Material: DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes > Flashcards

Genetic Material: DNA, Genes, and Chromosomes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Visible under the microscope as dark-staining, rod-like or rounded bodies

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

What are the two components that make up each chromosome?

A

Protein and Deoxyribonucleic acid

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3
Q

contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique

A

DNA

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4
Q

thread-like structures located inside the nucleus of animal and plant cells

A

Chromosomes

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5
Q

Chromosomes what Greek words

A

Chroma (color) and Soma (Body)

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6
Q

Pairs of chromosomes in swines

A

19

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7
Q

Pairs of chromosomes in dogs

A

38

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8
Q

Pairs of chromosomes in goats

A

30

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9
Q

Pairs of chromosomes in chickens

A

39

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10
Q

Pair of chromosomes in bovine

A

30

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11
Q

Pairs of chromosomes in ovine

A

27

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12
Q

Pairs of chromosomes in horse

A

32

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13
Q

Pairs of chromosomes in donkey

A

31

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14
Q

Pairs of chromosomes in rabbit

A

22

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15
Q

It refers to the unique structure of chromosomes keeps DNA tightly wrapped around spool-like proteins.

A

Histones

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16
Q

How long the DNA would stretch without histones?

A

6 feet

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17
Q

It ensures DNA is accurately copied and distributed in the vast majority of cell divisions.

A

Chromosomes

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18
Q

Why is it important that reproductive cells have the correct number of chromosomes and correct structure?

A

An organism without the correct number and structure of chromosomes will have improper growth, development and functions of the body.

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19
Q

What causes leukemia and other cancer cells?

A

Changes or error of number and structure of chromosomes

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20
Q

It refers to huge molecules that hold information

A

Nucleic Acid

21
Q

It refers to the nucleic acid that holds all the genetic information for organisms.

A

DNA

22
Q

What composes DNA?

A

deoxyribose, phosphoric acid, and four bases

23
Q

Give the four bases of DNA.

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

24
Q

It is known as the fixed position where individual genes are located.

A

Loci

25
Q

It is formed from tightly coiled strands of DNA.

A

Chromatids

26
Q

What will happen if you stretch out the strands of the DNA?

A

You will be able to identify the individual genes.

27
Q

permanent well-defined region of the chromosomes

A

Centromere

28
Q

Centromere is a constricted region of a linear chromosome but not always found in the center of the chromosome, where else is it located?

A

At the end of the chromosome.

29
Q

It is the regions on either side of the centromere.

A

Chromosome’s arms

30
Q

help to keep chromosomes properly aligned during the complex process of cell division

A

Centromere

31
Q

This is the arrangement that provides a picture of a complete set of chromosomes.

A

Karyotype

32
Q

an organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its genes

A

Genome

33
Q

shows the differences in size and banding pattern of chromosomes

A

Karyotype

34
Q

one of a pair of genes that appear at a particular location on a particular chromosome and control the same characteristic, such as blood type or color blindness

A

Allele

35
Q

Name the two alleles present in each gene.

A

Dominant and Recessive

36
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

Dominant allele controls what will happen or which trait is exhibited

37
Q

What is recessive allele?

A

Allele that is “overruled” and this trait or function will not be seen because of the dominant allele.

38
Q

It is coiled into a compact structure called chromosomes.

A

DNA

39
Q

Spell out DNA.

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

40
Q

TRUE or FALSE.

Every time the cell divides to produce two daughter cells the complete set of chromosomes is produced.

A

True

41
Q

complete set of blueprints and operating instructions for assembling and managing one particular kind of organism

A

DNA

42
Q

Adenine bonds with?

A

Thymine

43
Q

What bonds with Cytosine?

A

Guanine

44
Q

It is the bond of the four bases forming a long chain […]

A

double helix (ladder)

45
Q

It play a role in cancer.

A

Telomere

46
Q

repetitive stretches of DNA located at the ends of linear chromosomes which protect the ends of the chromosomes

A

Telomere

47
Q

What happens to the telomere when cell divides?

A

It loses a bit of their DNA.

48
Q

Once telomere lose all of its DNA, what happens?

A

It can no longer replicate, then die.

(Zooth 213) Genetics (1 decks)

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