Genetic Material Flashcards
Three Macromolecules that Comprise a Living Organism
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Nucleic Acids
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is first isolated by
Friedrich Miescher
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is first isolated in
1869
He discovered microscopic substances from ____ among
surgical bandages.
pus
Radioactivity in liquid
Phages grown with radioactive sulfur (^35S)
Radioactivity in pellet
Phages grown with radioactive phosphorus (^32P)
Procedures of the phage experiment
- Mix radioactively labeled
- Agitate in a blender
- Centrifuge the mixture
- Measure the radioactivity
Introduced the currently accepted model of DNA, that of the double helix.
Francis Crick and James Watson
Introduced the currently accepted model of DNA, that of the double helix in the year
1953
Who also published a paper in Nature supporting the proposed
model, Crick and Watson were awarded the Nobel prize for
Medicine or Physiology.
Maurice Wilkins
The fundamental relationship of DNA, RNA and proteins
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA → RNA (mRNA) → Protein (Amino acids)
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA → RNA (mRNA)
Transcription
(mRNA) → Protein (Amino acids)
Translation
RNA (mRNA) → DNA
Reverse Transcription
The enzyme of Reverse Transcription
Reverse Transcriptase
Synthesis of an RNA copy of a segment of DNA
Transcription
The main repository of genetic information among all living
organisms and many viruses.
DNA
Composed of two chains of biopolymer interlaced with one
another to form a double helix.
DNA
Two strands are called _____________and are composed of smaller
units called _____________.
Polynucleotides; nucleotides
Unzips DNA and attach to AT region
DNA Helicase
A Y-shaped region where a cell’s DNA double helix is unwound and separated.
Replication Fork
All nucleotide is made up of _____-containing bases
Nitrogen
What are the components of DNA
- Pentose sugar (5 carbons)
- phosphate group
- nucleobases
Nucleobase linked to a sugar.
Nucleoside
Difference of a Nucleosides and Nucleotides
Nucleoside:
- Base
- Sugar
Nucleotide:
- Base
- Sugar
- Phosphate
Acts as the sugar backbone that connects all other DNA
components
Deoxyribose / D-2-deoxyribose
Which is more flexible, RNA or DNA?
DNA, because it is double helix.
What group are attached to RNA? DNA?
RNA: Hydroxyl (OH)
DNA: Hydrogen (H)
Which is more prone to destruction, RNA or DNA?
RNA, because it is single stranded.
An aldopentose, a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms and an
aldehyde as a functional group
2-deoxyribose
