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Cytogenetics > Genetic Material > Flashcards

Genetic Material Flashcards

1
Q

o the hereditary substance in
the cell.
o It carries all information specific to an
organism.

A

Genetic material

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2
Q

o ___________ contain instructions that cells
need to carry out all the functions of life.
o It is a very large organic molecule made up of
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and
phosphorus.

A

Nucleic acid

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3
Q

Nucleic acid is made out of what?

A

Nucleotides

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4
Q

What are the 3 basic parts of nucleotides?

A

5- carbon sugar, phosphate groups, nitrogenous base

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5
Q

What is the smallest code from building our traits block of gene?

A

Nucleotide

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6
Q

What codes our traits?

A

Gene

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7
Q

It is made out of many genes

A

DNA

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8
Q

It is a tightly coiled strands of DNA

A

Chromosomes

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9
Q

It is the entire genetic make-up of an organism.

A

Genome

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10
Q

What are the levels of genetic organization?

A

Nucleotide
Gene
DNA
Chromosomes
Genome

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11
Q

It is a genetic material that carries information
about an organism. It is passed from parent to
offspring.

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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12
Q

Where can you found DNA?

A

Nucleus

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13
Q

DNA is found in all
prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

-True
-False

A

True

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14
Q

DNA was first recognized and identified by _________

A

Johannes Friedrich
Miescher

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15
Q

The double helix structure of a DNA molecule was later discovered through
experimental data by

A

James Watson and
Francis Crick

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16
Q

DNA do not play a crucial role in the production
of proteins.

  • True
  • False
A

False

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17
Q

DNA contained within the nucleus of every cell in
a eukaryotic organism.

A

Nuclear DNA

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18
Q

The DNA present in the mitochondria of the cell.

A

Mitochondrial DNA

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19
Q

Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from what?

A

Mother to child

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20
Q

DNA structure can be described as _________.

A

Double helix

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21
Q

What are the four nitrogen bases of DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine,
and Cytosine

22
Q

Among the three components of DNA structure, which forms the backbone of the DNA molecule?

A

Sugar

23
Q

The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions.

  • True
  • False
A

True

24
Q

The two strands of DNA are held together by?

A

hydrogen bond

25
Q

The pitch of each helix is ____ nm.

A

3.4

26
Q

The distance between two consecutive base pairs is ____ nm.

A

0.34

27
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have?

A

23

28
Q

It is an important process that occurs during cell division.

A

DNA replication

29
Q

DNA replication is also known as __________ ___________.

A

semi- conservative replication

30
Q

The replication of DNA
begins at a point known as the origin of replication. The two DNA strands are
separated by the DNA helicase. This forms the replication fork

A

Initiation

31
Q

DNA polymerase III
reads the nucleotides on the template strand and makes a new strand by
adding complementary nucleotides.

A

Elongation

32
Q

When adding nucleotides to the lagging strand, gaps
are formed between the strands. Gaps are called what?

A

Okazaki fragments

33
Q

It is where the termination
sequence present opposite to the origin of replication terminates the replication process.

A

Termination

34
Q

It binds to terminator sequence and halts
DNA polymerase movement.

A

TUS protein

35
Q

These are the small segments of DNA,
consisting mostly of 250 – 2 million base pairs.

A

Genes

36
Q

It determines the size, shape, and many other traits of an organism

A

Proteins

37
Q

Nucleic acid found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells plays an important role in the production of proteins.

A

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

38
Q

RNA is most often double- stranded.

  • True
  • False
A

False

39
Q

What are the four bases of RNA?

A

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine

40
Q

It carries DNA’S message to the ribosomes (site of protein synthesis) in the
cytoplasm.

A

mRNA

41
Q

What does mRNA stand for?

A

messenger RNA

42
Q

It transfers amino acids
to ribosomes during protein synthesis.

A

tRNA

43
Q

What does tRNA stand for?

A

transfer RNA

44
Q

What does rRNA stand for?

A

ribosomal RNA

45
Q

It makes up a major part of ribosomes

A

rRNA

46
Q

It translate (interpret) the RNA code into a protein.

A

Ribosome

47
Q

What do you call the process that DNA makes copies of itself?

A

Replication

48
Q

What do you call the overall concept of replication, transcription, and translation?

A

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

49
Q

It is a process that is semiconservative in nature.

A

Replication

50
Q

It is a process by which mRNA is synthesized based on the DNA template

A

Transcription

51
Q

Part or segment DNA that encodes for a particular protein.

A

Gene

Cytogenetics (1 decks)

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