Genetic Material Flashcards
o the hereditary substance in
the cell.
o It carries all information specific to an
organism.
Genetic material
o ___________ contain instructions that cells
need to carry out all the functions of life.
o It is a very large organic molecule made up of
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and
phosphorus.
Nucleic acid
Nucleic acid is made out of what?
Nucleotides
What are the 3 basic parts of nucleotides?
5- carbon sugar, phosphate groups, nitrogenous base
What is the smallest code from building our traits block of gene?
Nucleotide
What codes our traits?
Gene
It is made out of many genes
DNA
It is a tightly coiled strands of DNA
Chromosomes
It is the entire genetic make-up of an organism.
Genome
What are the levels of genetic organization?
Nucleotide
Gene
DNA
Chromosomes
Genome
It is a genetic material that carries information
about an organism. It is passed from parent to
offspring.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Where can you found DNA?
Nucleus
DNA is found in all
prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
-True
-False
True
DNA was first recognized and identified by _________
Johannes Friedrich
Miescher
The double helix structure of a DNA molecule was later discovered through
experimental data by
James Watson and
Francis Crick
DNA do not play a crucial role in the production
of proteins.
- True
- False
False
DNA contained within the nucleus of every cell in
a eukaryotic organism.
Nuclear DNA
The DNA present in the mitochondria of the cell.
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from what?
Mother to child
DNA structure can be described as _________.
Double helix
What are the four nitrogen bases of DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine,
and Cytosine
Among the three components of DNA structure, which forms the backbone of the DNA molecule?
Sugar
The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions.
- True
- False
True
The two strands of DNA are held together by?
hydrogen bond
The pitch of each helix is ____ nm.
3.4
The distance between two consecutive base pairs is ____ nm.
0.34
How many pairs of chromosomes does a human have?
23
It is an important process that occurs during cell division.
DNA replication
DNA replication is also known as __________ ___________.
semi- conservative replication
The replication of DNA
begins at a point known as the origin of replication. The two DNA strands are
separated by the DNA helicase. This forms the replication fork
Initiation
DNA polymerase III
reads the nucleotides on the template strand and makes a new strand by
adding complementary nucleotides.
Elongation
When adding nucleotides to the lagging strand, gaps
are formed between the strands. Gaps are called what?
Okazaki fragments
It is where the termination
sequence present opposite to the origin of replication terminates the replication process.
Termination
It binds to terminator sequence and halts
DNA polymerase movement.
TUS protein
These are the small segments of DNA,
consisting mostly of 250 – 2 million base pairs.
Genes
It determines the size, shape, and many other traits of an organism
Proteins
Nucleic acid found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells plays an important role in the production of proteins.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
RNA is most often double- stranded.
- True
- False
False
What are the four bases of RNA?
Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine
It carries DNA’S message to the ribosomes (site of protein synthesis) in the
cytoplasm.
mRNA
What does mRNA stand for?
messenger RNA
It transfers amino acids
to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
tRNA
What does tRNA stand for?
transfer RNA
What does rRNA stand for?
ribosomal RNA
It makes up a major part of ribosomes
rRNA
It translate (interpret) the RNA code into a protein.
Ribosome
What do you call the process that DNA makes copies of itself?
Replication
What do you call the overall concept of replication, transcription, and translation?
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
It is a process that is semiconservative in nature.
Replication
It is a process by which mRNA is synthesized based on the DNA template
Transcription
Part or segment DNA that encodes for a particular protein.
Gene
