Genetic inheritance Ch 8?

Question 1

Heredity definition

Answer 1

Transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Each character (flower color) will come with 2 or more traits (purple or yellow or white, etc)

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

Section of DNA that contains heritable traits

Question 3

Alleles

Answer 3

Unique molecular makeup of a gene -genetic variation

Question 4

Mutation

Answer 4

Altered genes molecular structure. Might cause trait to change.

Question 5

Purebreeds

Answer 5

Offspring inherit identical alleles for a trait generation after generation.

*true breeding lineage

Question 6

Hybrids

Answer 6

Cross between two individuals who breed true for different forms of a trait.

*inherited non identical alleles for the trait

Question 7

Dominant Allele

Answer 7

Allele that is expressed (capital letter denotes dominant allele ex: A)

Question 8

Recessive allele

Answer 8

the allele who is masked by another (denoted with lowercase letter ex: a)

Question 9

Homozygous Dominant

Answer 9

2 dominant Alleles (AA)

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

Pair of non identical alleles (Aa)

Question 11

Homozygous recessive

Answer 11

pair of recessive alleles (aa)

Question 12

Genotype

Answer 12

All the alleles an individual carries from both parents/genetic makeup

Question 13

Phenotype

Answer 13

An individuals observable traits

Question 14

punnet Square abbreviations

Answer 14

P =True breeding parents
F1= First generation offspring of P parents
F2= second generation offspring of F1 parentsff

Question 15

Mendel’s law of segregation Definition

Answer 15

2 diploid cells (2 copies) on pairs of homologous chromosomes. The TWO GENES of each pair are separated from each other during meiosis so they end up in different gametes.

Chromosomes duplicate before Meiosis—->Meiosis 1—>Meiosis 2—>4 haploid daughter cells. *fertilization —>heterozygous offspring

Question 16

Mendel’s law of segregation Monohybrid cross definition

Answer 16

Looks at ONE trait that is governed by alleles of ONE gene.

*true breeding parents that breed true for different traits.

F2 (Rr +Rr parents)

Question 17

Allelic outcomes with a cross between two heterozygous individuals/parents plus genotype and phenotypic ratios

Answer 17

Aa x Aa= AA, Aa, Aa, aa

Genotype:1:2:1
Phenotype: 3:1

Question 18

Allelic cross outcomes between and individual that is homozygous recessive and heterozygous?

Answer 18

Aa x aa= Aa, Aa, aa, aa

Genotype: 0:2:2
Phenotype 2:2

Question 19

Mendel’s law of Independent assortment definition

Answer 19

Two traits

*Two true breeding parents that differ in TWO traits governed by alleles to produce the F1 generation [all show dominant]

Question 20

Dihybrid cross punett square/allelic cross between homozygous dominant for color and height and homozygous recessive for color and height aaxbb

Answer 20

(AA BB) (aa bb)
P1–> AB AB AB AB
P2^ ab ab ab ab
|

FOIL for outcomes: AaBb AaBb AaBb AaBb A-a and B-b and so on and so forth