Genetic engineering Flashcards
1
Q
What is genetic engineering?
A
Changing the genetic makeup of an organism by adding or removing a gene.
2
Q
What is the use of genetic engineering bacteria?
A
To make useful proteins like insulin.
3
Q
What are the two ways to genetically engineer DNA?
A
In vivo cloning and In vitro cloning.
4
Q
What are the steps to in vivo cloning?
A
- Isolation
- Insertion
- Transformation
- Identification
- Cloning
5
Q
What is involved in in vitro cloning?
A
The polymerase chain reaction.
6
Q
What is the purpose of the the PCR system?
A
To artificially replicate DNA.
7
Q
Describe the polymerase chain reaction.
A
- Heat the mixture of DNA, primers, and free nucleotides to 95 degrees to break the hydrogen bonds between the two DNA strands and leave you with two template strands.
- Cool the mixture to 55 degrees so the primers can bind to the start of each template strand and stop them from rejoining.
- Heat to 72 degrees so the DNA polymerase can catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the free nucleotides to make a new DNA strand.
