Genetic Engineering

Question 1

is the deliberate modification of characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material

Answer 1

Genetic engineering

Question 2

is a process in which genetic material is changed to make possible the production of new substances or new functions to animals, plants or humans using biotechnology.

Answer 2

Genetic modification

Question 3

What does GMO stand for?

Answer 3

Genetically modified organisms

Question 4

living organisms which have had their traits and genes changed.

Answer 4

GMO

Question 5

how did our ancestors manipulate and influence other organism’s DNA In spite of the fact that our ancestors don’t have the notion about “Genetics” according to Charles Darwin
This is also defined as the intentional production, combination, and conservation of desired traits of animals for future generations. .

Answer 5

artificial selection

Question 6

Ancient human begin to selectively breed animals to produce traits they want.

Answer 6

30000 B.C

Question 7

• Ancient human begin to selectively breed crops.

Answer 7

8000BC

Question 8

DNA was discovered in what year?

Answer 8

1953

Question 9

When did GMO have a breakthrough

Answer 9

1973

Question 10

Who are the two scientists who engineered an organism in an improved method in which they cut out a gene and transferred it to another?They encoded an antibiotic resistance from one strain of bacteria to another, in order to acquire the same trait.

Answer 10

Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen

Question 11

They infected the mouse embryos with SV40 Virus and showed that the viral DNA was integrated into the germline In 1974

Answer 11

Rudolf Jaenisch and Beatrice Mintz

Question 12

U.S. Supreme Court ruled that GMO patents are legal, granting the first GMO patent to General Electrics in this year

Answer 12

1980

Question 13

FDA approves the first-ever GMO drug in this year

Answer 13

1982

Question 14

When did GE crops explode in popularity?

Answer 14

1990s

Question 15

What was successfully tested in 2014

Answer 15

CRISPR

Question 16

Health risks that GMO might pose to humans

Answer 16

1. may cause unpredictable alterations or mutations that naturally act as toxins in the human body
2. Human consumption of genetically modified plants also shown instability in the gastrointestinal tract of a human.

Question 17

GMO Health risks to animals

Answer 17

1. Animals such as rats and mice are also affected by the toxic reactions in the digestive tract
2. mice fed with potatoes with Bacillus thuringiensis (soil-dwelling bacterium that naturally produces a toxin that is fatal to certain herbivorous insects) showed detrimental effects on organ development, body metabolism, and immune function

Question 18

In 1998, researchers found that the main allergen from the Brazil nuts retained its allergenicity after being transformed into GMO soybeans. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 18

True

Question 19

In the year 2000, a woman named Grace booth went into anaphylactic shock after eating three corn tacos. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 19

True

Question 20

found that some taco bell shells and other corn products contain a pest-repellant protein called Cry9C (a derivation of Bacillus thuringiensis).

Answer 20

Genetically modified food alert

Question 21

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS of GMO

Answer 21

Increased Pesticide Use, Contamination, destruction of biodiversity, complete life-cycle, parameters growth, impairment of reproductive maturity, and offspring number

Question 22

Political concerns in modern biotechnology

Answer 22

1. prohibits traditional farmers to have difficulties saving their seeds,
2. reduce farmers’ independence in their choice of seeds as GM businesses are controlling its availability

Question 23

Golden rice is a precursor of vitamin B. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 23

False. Vitamin A

Question 24

functional unit of heredity and this carries the information of what features or traits that were conveyed to an individual.

Answer 24

Gene

Question 25

type of treatment that can replace the faulty gene into a new one to alleviate the disease.

Answer 25

Gene therapy

Question 26

Two types of gene therapy

Answer 26

Somatic gene therapy and gene therapy

Question 27

gene therapy which is the transfer of DNA to other cell/s of body that does not have the capability to produce eggs or sperms.

Answer 27

Somatic gene therapy

Question 28

is the Germ line gene therapy which is the transfer of DNA to cells that have the capability to produce sperm or eggs.

Answer 28

gene therapy

Question 29

How does Gene therapy work?

Answer 29

1. by inserting a gene to the cell through a carrier called vector that is genetically engineered to deliver the gene.
2. After choosing a type of vector used, the vector can be injected or given intravenously directly into a specific tissue in the body where it is taken up by individual cells.

Question 30

types of virus that integrates their genetic material and the new gene into a chromosome in the human cell

Answer 30

retrovirus

Question 31

type of virus that introduces its DNA to the nucleus of the cell yet the DNA does not integrate into a chromosome.

Answer 31

adenovirus

Question 32

Why is gene therapy done?

Answer 32

to correct defective genes in order to cure a disease or help your body better fight disease.

Question 33

what are the potential risks of Gene therapy

Answer 33

Unwanted immune system reaction.
Targeting the wrong cells.
Infection caused by the virus.
Possibility of causing a tumor.

Question 34

Clinical trials of gene therapy in people have shown some success in treating certain diseases, such as:

Answer 34

Severe combined immune deficiency
Hemophilia
Blindness caused by retinitis pigmentosa
Leukemia

Question 35

significant barriers that stand in the way of gene therapy becoming a reliable form of treatment

Answer 35

Finding a reliable way to get genetic material into cells
Targeting the correct cells
Reducing the risk of side effects

Question 36

when was the first approved human gene therapy clinical trial initiated?

Answer 36

1990

Question 37

the distinction between gene therapy for disease genes and gene therapy to enhance desired traits, such as height or eye color is clear-cut

Answer 37

False.