Genetic Diversity and Adaptation

Question 1

what are the three types of adaptations

Answer 1

-anatomical

-physiological

-behavioural

Question 1

what are the 4 principles of natural selection

Answer 1

-variation within the population is already present due mutation​​

-change in environment​​

-differential reproductive success (organisms with the advantageous phenotype survive and reproduce) ​

​-advantageous allele increases in frequency within the population​

Question 2

describe how directional selection occurs

Answer 2

• due to random mutations a few organisms of a species possess an advantageous allele
• organisms with the advantageous allele are more likely to survive than others and therefore reproduce and pass on the advantageous allele
• therefore the frequency of the advantageous allele would significantly increase in the population over generations

Question 3

describe how stabilising selection occurs

Answer 3

• natural selection favours organisms with alleles for characteristics towards the middle of the age
• these organisms are more likely to survive than others and therefore reproduce and pass on the advantageous allele
• therefore the frequency of the advantageous allele would significantly increase in the population over generations

Question 4

what is disruptive selection?

Answer 4

• natural selection favouring those with characteristics and phenotypes towards the either side of the range
• these organisms are more likely to survive than others and therefore reproduce and pass on the advantageous allele
• therefore the frequency of the advantageous allele would significantly increase in the population over generations