Genetal

Question 1

Vitamin A production

Answer 1

B carotene (pigment found in orange&green vegetables) is abosorbed by the GI and transformed into the active form form Retinol in the liver.

Question 2

A deficiency

Answer 2

Rare. Night blindness/ xerophthalmia(can’t produce tears)

Susceptible to infection.

Question 3

Source A

Answer 3

Leafy veg. Carrots , pumpkin, squash , milk (900mg)

Question 4

D function

Answer 4

Critical role in body’s use of calcium Ca+2& phosphorous .
Works by increasing the amount of calcium absorbed from the small intestine , helping to form and maintain bones.

Question 5

D deficiency

Answer 5

Hypocalcemia.
Rickets children
Osteomalacia adult
AD disease

Question 6

D source

Answer 6

Milk products , fish, egg yolk, liver, mushroom, exposure to UV. 10mg

Question 7

Vitamin E function

Answer 7

Antioxidant. Protects the nerve system, muscles, RBC and cel membrane from free radicals of O2

Question 8

E deficiency

Answer 8

Rare. Mild hemolytic anemia in newborn infants or neurological disorderes& muscle weakness in adult.

Question 9

E source

Answer 9

Fruits&vegetables&nuts&seeds 15mg

Question 10

K function.

Answer 10

Needed for effective clotting. Responsible for secondary clot in the clotting cascade.
Helps produce proteins for the blood, bones and kidneys.

Question 11

K production

Answer 11

Absorbed through the GIT , where bacteria of the normal flora such as Ecoli activate it.

Question 12

K deficiency

Answer 12

Rare. Bleeding, clotting disorder. Given to infants in order to prevent bleeding, because they lack the intestinal bacteria to produce it.

Question 13

K source

Answer 13

Leafy green, vegetables and their oils. Animal produce contain limited amounts 120 mg

Question 14

Vitamin c function

Answer 14

Essential in the formation oh hydroxyproline ( key element in synthesis of collagen) from proline by acting as coenzyme . Antioxidant.

Question 15

C deficiency

Answer 15

Weakening of collagen fibers which result in :
Scurvy syndromes- gingival bleeding and internal .
Aneurysm - weakness of vessels wall.

Question 16

C source

Answer 16

Fruits&vegetables (citrus fruits) 90mg

Question 17

B1 function

Answer 17

Role in cellular respiration by releasing energy from carbohydrates, alcohol, lipids . Also act as coenzyme in a number of metabolic processes& important in maintaining nervous system function
.

Question 18

B1 deficiency

Answer 18

Mental confusion,muscle weakness , water retention(edema), impaired growth& diseases.
Beriberi- severe lethargy & fatigue , affects the cardiovascular nervous, muscular&GI system.
Wernicke korsakoff syndrome- vision changes, ataxia, impaired memory.

Question 19

B1 source

Answer 19

Pork, oatmeal, brown rice, vegetables, potatoes, liver, eggs 1-2 MG
Alcoholics are prone to deficiency because alcohol replace food.

Question 20

B2 function

Answer 20

Roles in cellular respiration as an energy carrier to the ETC, also promotes good visions &maintaining the epidermis .

Question 21

B2 deficiency

Answer 21

Ariboflavinosis syndrome -redress &swelling of the lips, mouth and throat. (Cheilosis/angular stomatitis -cracking of the lips and corner of the mouth.

Question 22

B2 source

Answer 22

Diary products, bananas, popcorn, gran beans, asparagus 1.3 MG

Question 23

B3 function

Answer 23

Role in cellular respiration (glycolysis, PDH complex, critic acid cycle, metabolism of lipids and the ETC)

Question 24

B3 deficiency

Answer 24

Pellagra - dermatitis , dementia, diarrhea.(3D)

Question 25

B3 source

Answer 25

Fish, poultry, meat, peanuts, whole grain products.16MG

Question 26

B6 function

Answer 26

Protein metabolism, gluceneogensis &RBC formation. Involved in the production of insulin and hemoglobin.

Question 27

B6 deficiency

Answer 27

Anemia. Peripheral neuropathy. (Nerve damage)

Question 28

B6 source

Answer 28

Meat, vegetables, whole grain, bananas 1.5 Mg

Question 29

B7 function

Answer 29

Helps release energy from carbohydrates. And aids in the metabolism of fats, protein and carbohydrates.

Question 30

B7 deficiency

Answer 30

Rare.

Fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea , vomiting, depression, muscle pain, heart abnormalities and anemia.

Question 31

B7 course

Answer 31

Egg yolk, liver, peanuts, vegetables, 30 MG

Question 32

B9 function

Answer 32

Protein metabolism, synthesis of nucleotides, promotes RBC formation, lowers the risk for neural tube birth defects, (spina bifida)& reduce rock of coronary heart disease.

Question 33

B9 deficiency

Answer 33

Affects cell growth &protein production, symptoms include anemia & diarrhea

Question 34

Source B9

Answer 34

Leafy vegetables, whole grains, liver 400mg

Question 35

B12 function t

Answer 35

Protect nerves, involved in the production/metabolism of DNA and fatty acid.

Question 36

B12 activation

Answer 36

Absorbed by binding to an intrinsic factory (IF) produced by the parietal cells of the stomach

Question 37

B12 deficiency

Answer 37

Anemia, fatigue , neurological disorders, and degeneration in nerves. Can lead to megalomaniac anemia :
RBC is highly dependent upon DNA replication
Low B12 >low dna synthesis> RBC can not differentiate and become mega cells»cannot pass through capillaries» ischemia (restriction of blood supply )

Question 38

B12 source

Answer 38

Animal products 2.4 MG