Genes T1

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid, building blocks of protein

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

section of DNA that contains sugar, phosphate and base

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

section of DNA that codes for protein

Question 4

Diploid Cells

Answer 4

2 sets of chromosomes, 1 from each parent

Question 5

Chromosomes

Answer 5

a package inside a cell containing DNA, they are basically instructions

Question 6

Haploid Cells

Answer 6

1 set of chromosomes, normally used in reproduction and is found in the gamete

Question 7

Homologous

Answer 7

same gene, size and structure

Question 8

Allele

Answer 8

different version of a gene say a gene is ‘eyecolour’ the allele would be brown green or blue

Question 9

Genome

Answer 9

all the DNA in an organism

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

type of genes inherited form parents - Homozygous dominant, heterozygous recessive

Likea code for phenotype, that was right tho

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

a visible trait that can be measures e.g. eye colour, hair colour, height and skin colour

Question 12

how are phenotype and genotype connected

Answer 12

Genotype is the code that equals the phenotype

Question 13

Locus

Answer 13

the location of the particular gene

Question 14

Heterozygous

Answer 14

2 different alleles like Aa

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

Same alleles like AA or aa

Question 16

Dominant Trait

Answer 16

The capital letter that only needs one allele to show

Question 17

Recessive Trait

Answer 17

needs both lowercase alleles to show

Question 18

Incomplete dominance

Answer 18

person shows a trait that’s in between the 2 traits

Question 19

Co-dominant

Answer 19

both dominant traits are shown in phenotype

Question 20

Sex inheritance

Answer 20

inherited characteristics based of sex chromosomes

Question 21

sex chromosomes

Answer 21

are to decide gender
Female - XX
Male - XY

Question 22

mitosis

Answer 22

growth and repair damaged cells with identical cells

Question 23

meiosis

Answer 23

produce sex cells, not identical

Question 24

Mitosis Process

Answer 24

Prophase: DNA compresses into chromosomes.
Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle.
Anaphase: Chromosomes split and move to opposite ends.
Telophase: Two new nuclei form.
Cytokinesis: Cell divide in the middle, forming two new cells. called daughter cells

Question 25

Meiosis Process

Answer 25

Prophase: DNA compresses into chromosomes.
Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle.
Anaphase: Chromosomes split and move to opposite ends.
Telophase: Two new nuclei form.
Cytokinesis: Cell divide in the middle, forming two new cells.
Forming daughter cells
This process is repeated again.
ending with 4 daughter cells.

Question 26

Summary of Meiosis

Answer 26

Starts off with 1 diploid cell and goes through the process twice which then becomes 4 haploid cells which mean 4 daughter cells, each with one set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes each haploid).

Question 27

Zygote

Answer 27

has a diploid number of 46 after combining 2 gametes together (fertilisation).

Zygote is a package of genes and chromosomes that help the offspring grow

Question 28

Asexual Reproduction

Answer 28

only 1 organism can reproduce, mitosis identical cell

Question 29

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 29

2 organisms reproduce together, meiosis. non identical offspring

Question 30

Crossing over - DNA

Answer 30

swaps gene on homologous chromosomes