Genes, Chromosomes & DNA

Question 1

What do most cells contain that controls the production of proteins?

Answer 1

A Nucleus.

Question 2

What does the Nucleus contain?

Answer 2

The Nucleus contains Genetic Material.

Question 3

How is genetic material arranged?

Answer 3

Genetic Material is arranged into chromosomes.

Question 4

How many chromosomes does a human body cell contain?

Answer 4

23 Pairs of chromosomes.

Question 5

Each chromosome is one very long molecule of……?

Answer 5

DNA.

Question 6

What is a Gene?

Answer 6

A gene is a short length of a chromosome.

Question 7

What do Genes Do?

Answer 7

They control the development of different characteristics like hair colour and how and how and organism functions.

Question 8

Genes can exist in different versions. What is the scientific name for this?

Answer 8

Alleles.

Question 9

What do alleles do?

Answer 9

They give a different form of a characteristic like blue or brown eyes.

Question 10

Genes are instructions for….?

Answer 10

Cells!

Question 11

Each Gene is a code for making a certain Protein. What are proteins?

Answer 11

Proteins are building blocks for cells.

Question 12

Having different versions of proteins means we have…?

Answer 12

Different Characteristics!

Question 13

What are the two different types of proteins?

Answer 13

Structural Proteins & Functional Proteins.

Question 14

What are structural proteins?

Answer 14

They are proteins that build and can be found in hair, skin & nails!

Question 15

What are functional proteins?

Answer 15

Functional proteins are proteins that help organisms functions operate.

Question 16

Give an example of the use of the two types of proteins.

Answer 16

Structural Proteins-Keratin, which can be used to create nails and hair.

Functional Proteins-Pepsin, which breaks down substances in the digestive system so the body can absorb its nutrients such as vitamins.

Question 17

What is an organisms Genotype?

Answer 17

It’s all the Genes the organism has!

Question 18

What is an organisms Phenotype?

Answer 18

It is the characteristics an organism displays.

Question 19

Dimples are controlled by how many Genes?

Answer 19

One. Simple!

Question 20

Eye colour are controlled by how many Genes?

Answer 20

7!

Question 21

Other characteristics are only controlled by environmental factors. What is the difference between environmental factor and genetic factors

Answer 21

Environmental factors are factors that an organism has only due to its surroundings, the environment!
Genetic factors like eye colour are controlled by our Genotype because we inherit them from our parents.

Question 22

Give an example of a characteristic affected by both environmental and genetic factors

Answer 22

Example- Your Mum and Dad are skinny. So you’re more likely to be skinny! But…..! If you eat McDonald’s every single day, your bound to be as fat as a ripe tomato!