Genes, Chromosomes & DNA Flashcards
What do most cells contain that controls the production of proteins?
A Nucleus.
What does the Nucleus contain?
The Nucleus contains Genetic Material.
How is genetic material arranged?
Genetic Material is arranged into chromosomes.
How many chromosomes does a human body cell contain?
23 Pairs of chromosomes.
Each chromosome is one very long molecule of……?
DNA.
What is a Gene?
A gene is a short length of a chromosome.
What do Genes Do?
They control the development of different characteristics like hair colour and how and how and organism functions.
Genes can exist in different versions. What is the scientific name for this?
Alleles.
What do alleles do?
They give a different form of a characteristic like blue or brown eyes.
Genes are instructions for….?
Cells!
Each Gene is a code for making a certain Protein. What are proteins?
Proteins are building blocks for cells.
Having different versions of proteins means we have…?
Different Characteristics!
What are the two different types of proteins?
Structural Proteins & Functional Proteins.
What are structural proteins?
They are proteins that build and can be found in hair, skin & nails!
What are functional proteins?
Functional proteins are proteins that help organisms functions operate.
Give an example of the use of the two types of proteins.
Structural Proteins-Keratin, which can be used to create nails and hair.
Functional Proteins-Pepsin, which breaks down substances in the digestive system so the body can absorb its nutrients such as vitamins.
What is an organisms Genotype?
It’s all the Genes the organism has!
What is an organisms Phenotype?
It is the characteristics an organism displays.
Dimples are controlled by how many Genes?
One. Simple!
Eye colour are controlled by how many Genes?
7!
Other characteristics are only controlled by environmental factors. What is the difference between environmental factor and genetic factors
Environmental factors are factors that an organism has only due to its surroundings, the environment!
Genetic factors like eye colour are controlled by our Genotype because we inherit them from our parents.
Give an example of a characteristic affected by both environmental and genetic factors
Example- Your Mum and Dad are skinny. So you’re more likely to be skinny! But…..! If you eat McDonald’s every single day, your bound to be as fat as a ripe tomato!
