Genes + Chromosomes Flashcards
What is a gene?
a sequence of DNA bases that code for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide or a functional RNA molecule
What is a genome?
the complete set of genes in a cell
What is a proteome?
the full range of proteins a cell is able to produce
How do genes determine the proteins of an organism?
its the order of babes in a gene that determine the order of amino acids in polypeptides and polypeptides form proteins
What is an allele?
an alternative form of the same gene (genes can exist in more than one form)
How do alleles code for different proteins?
the order of bases in each allele is different so they code for different versions of the same polypeptide
What are introns?
sections on a gene that do not code for amino acid
What are exons?
sections on a gene that do code for amino acid
What are non coding multiple repeats?
regions of multiple repeats outside of genes which are DNA sequences that repeat over and over again
What are homologous pairs?
pairs of matching chromosomes which are exactly the same size, have the same genes but may have different alleles
What is the locus?
the fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene is located
How are chromosomes seen when they are dividing?
appear as two sister chromatids attached by a centromere
How are chromosomes seen when you cannot see individual strands?
appear as chromatin
How are alleles positioned on a chromosome?
alleles coding for the same characteristic will be in the same fixed position (locus)
