Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Genes And Health > Flashcards

Genes And Health Flashcards

1
Q

What removes mucus in the lungs

A

Cilia on epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is ficks law

A

Rate of diffusion is directly proportional to

surface area x difference in concentration
———————————————————-
Thickness of exchange surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is cystic fibrosis recessive or dominant

A

Recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What effect does the mucus in cystic fibrosis have

A

Larger diffusion distance
Removes folds - surface area decreases
Trapped pathogens can cause infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What effect does the mucus in cystic fibrosis have

A

Larger diffusion distance
Removes folds - surface area decreases
Trapped pathogens can cause infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is mucus created in the lungs

A

Goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the structure of phospholipids

A

Head is hydrophilic so can be exposed to water and tail is hydrophobic so can’t be. This causes the bilayer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the fluid mosaic model

A

Fluid - phospholipid bilayer is constantly moving because of the unsaturated fatty acids
Mosaic - proteins scattered through the bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does cholesterol do in cell membranes

A

Provides stability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are glycoproteins and glycolipids for

A

Communication
Have receptors to detects chemicals from other cells like hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do carrier proteins work

A

They let substances in - binds and changes shape (energy required) - let’s out the other side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do Endocytosis and exocytosis work

A

Vesicles attach to the membrane to transport large bulky molecules in and out of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between validity, reliability and accuracy

A

Validity - control variables
Reliability - repeating three times to remove anomalies
Accuracy - method and how close results are to the true value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the structure of a protein

A

Amino group, r group, carboxyl group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What bond joins two proteins

A

Peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the four types of bonding in proteins

A

Hydrogen, disulphide, ionic, hydrophobic interactions

17
Q

What are the differences and similarities between globular and fibrous proteins

A

Globular - spherical • fibrous - strands
Globular - soluble because of hydrophilic groups on outside • fibrous - insoluble because they’re hydrophobic on outside
Both are sequences of amino acids joined by peptide bonds
Both have hydrogen bonds

18
Q

What is a nucleotide made up of

A

Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate

19
Q

What bonds join two nucleotides together

A

Phosphodiester bonds

20
Q

Differences and similarities between RNA and DNA

A

both have a Penrose sugar
DNA - deoxyribose sugar • RNA - ribose
DNA - ATCG • RNA - AUCG
Both have a phosphate
DNA - double stranded • RNA - single stranded

21
Q

Describe the process of transcription

A

• RNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds and unzips DNA
• free RNA nucleotides line up against template strand via complementary base pairing
• temporary H bonds form
• condensation reactions form phosphodiester bonds between RNA mononucleotides - catalysed by RNA polymerase
• mRNA detaches and exits through nuclear pore into the cytoplasm

22
Q

Describe translation

A

• ribosome attaches to start codon on mRNA
• a tRNA molecule carrying a specific amino acid and a complimentary anticodon attaches to the ribosome
• temporary H bonds form
• ribosome moves along to the next codon
• peptide bonds form between new amino acids
• ribosome continues to move along until stop codon is reached

23
Q

Describe a process carried out my meselson and stahl

A

• E-coli fed N15 heavy nitrogen
• DNA extracted in a centrifuge
• moved to N14 light nitrogen
• DNA extracted in a centrifuge
• let replicate for one more generation and then extracted again

24
Q

What are the four types of mutations

A

Deletion, insertion, substitution, inversion

25
Q

What is it called when some codons code for the same amino acid

A

Degenerate code

26
Q

How does CF affect the digestive system

A

Pancreatic duct blocked by mucus
Less enzymes in small intestine - nutrients aren’t absorbed - malnourishment
More enzymes in pancreas - break it down - diabetes

27
Q

How does CF affect the reproductive system

A

Mucus plug in cervix - sperm cannot reach egg
Sperm duct blocked - sperm can’t leave

28
Q

What are the similarities and differences between amniocentesis and CVS

A

Amniocentesis - 15-20 weeks in • CVS - 8-12 weeks in
Both use a needle
Amniocentesis - 1% chance of miscarriage • CVS - 1-2% chance

Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions