Genes and DNA

Question 1

What is a Genotype?

Answer 1

Alleles that are carried by an organism (Ex. AA, Aa, aa)

Question 2

What is a Phenotype?

Answer 2

Observable characteristic of an organism (Ex. green or yellow)

Question 3

When do recessive genes show?

Answer 3

When it is homozygous

Question 4

What is a homozygous trait?

Answer 4

Has the same alleles (AA or aa)

Question 5

What is a Heterogynous trait?

Answer 5

Has different alleles (Aa)

Question 6

What is DNA?

Answer 6

• Structure found in all living things
• Is a code for protein
• is the genetic recipe that makes us, us

Question 7

What is RNA?

Answer 7

• is the messenger that carries info from DNA to control proteins

Question 8

What does RNA do?

Answer 8

helps manufacture proteins and helps genes function

Question 9

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 9

Mitosis - chromosomes replicate to make 2 exact copies and will easily bind with complimentary strand
Meiosis - reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes for sexually reproduction

Question 10

If parent A is YY and parent B is Yg, what is the chance of a green offspring? And why?

Answer 10

0% because all offspring will be a heterozygous mixture with the yellow gene being dominant

Question 11

If parent A is YY and parent B is gg, how many will be green and how many will be yellow?

Answer 11

100% will be yellow because they will all inherit a dominant Y (yellow) gene

Question 12

If parent A is Yg and parent B is gg, how many will be yellow and how many will be green?

Answer 12

50% will be green and 50% will be yellow

Question 13

How many chromosomes does humans have?

Answer 13

23 pairs or 46 chromosomes

Question 14

Which cell division produces haploid cells?

Answer 14

meiosis

Question 15

Which cell division produces diploid cells?

Answer 15

mitosis

Question 16

Which cell division produces exact offspring?

Answer 16

mitosis

Question 17

Who “piggy-backed” off of Rosalind Franklins discovery of the double helix DNA?

Answer 17

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 18

What are the nucleotide bases of DNA and RNA?

Answer 18

A - adenine
C - cytosine
G - guanine
T - thymine

Question 19

Finish the sequence with the correct partners -
AGCAC.

Answer 19

TCGTG

Question 20

How does DNA replicate?

Answer 20

By “unzipping” and combining with another strand? I have no idea.

Question 21

What is the nucleus?

Answer 21

The part of the cell that contains the chromosomes

Question 22

What is a zygote?

Answer 22

A cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm