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Biological Anthropology > Genes and DNA > Flashcards

Genes and DNA Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Genotype?

A

Alleles that are carried by an organism (Ex. AA, Aa, aa)

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2
Q

What is a Phenotype?

A

Observable characteristic of an organism (Ex. green or yellow)

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3
Q

When do recessive genes show?

A

When it is homozygous

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4
Q

What is a homozygous trait?

A

Has the same alleles (AA or aa)

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5
Q

What is a Heterogynous trait?

A

Has different alleles (Aa)

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6
Q

What is DNA?

A
  • Structure found in all living things
  • Is a code for protein
  • is the genetic recipe that makes us, us
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7
Q

What is RNA?

A
  • is the messenger that carries info from DNA to control proteins
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8
Q

What does RNA do?

A

helps manufacture proteins and helps genes function

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9
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis - chromosomes replicate to make 2 exact copies and will easily bind with complimentary strand
Meiosis - reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes for sexually reproduction

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10
Q

If parent A is YY and parent B is Yg, what is the chance of a green offspring? And why?

A

0% because all offspring will be a heterozygous mixture with the yellow gene being dominant

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11
Q

If parent A is YY and parent B is gg, how many will be green and how many will be yellow?

A

100% will be yellow because they will all inherit a dominant Y (yellow) gene

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12
Q

If parent A is Yg and parent B is gg, how many will be yellow and how many will be green?

A

50% will be green and 50% will be yellow

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13
Q

How many chromosomes does humans have?

A

23 pairs or 46 chromosomes

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14
Q

Which cell division produces haploid cells?

A

meiosis

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15
Q

Which cell division produces diploid cells?

A

mitosis

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16
Q

Which cell division produces exact offspring?

A

mitosis

17
Q

Who “piggy-backed” off of Rosalind Franklins discovery of the double helix DNA?

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

18
Q

What are the nucleotide bases of DNA and RNA?

A

A - adenine
C - cytosine
G - guanine
T - thymine

19
Q

Finish the sequence with the correct partners -
AGCAC.

A

TCGTG

20
Q

How does DNA replicate?

A

By “unzipping” and combining with another strand? I have no idea.

21
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The part of the cell that contains the chromosomes

22
Q

What is a zygote?

A

A cell formed by the union of an egg and sperm

23
Q
A

Biological Anthropology (2 decks)

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