Genes and Cell Division

Question 1

Phenotype

Answer 1

The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment

Question 2

Genotype

Answer 2

Genetic constitution of an organism. Determines the hereditary potential snand limitations of an individual

Question 3

Human Sex Determination

Answer 3

Biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics. Ex: Box chart

Question 4

Hardy-Weinberg Equation

Answer 4

P^2+ 2pg+ q^2

Question 5

Hardy-Weinberg Assumptions

Answer 5

1. No mutation 2. No random mating 3. No gene flow 4. Infinite population size 5. No natural selection

Question 6

Meiosis

Answer 6

Sexual reproduction. A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes (haploid) of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus (diploid or 2n), typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Question 8

Independent Assortment

Answer 8

formation of random combinations of chromosomes in meiosis and of genes on different pairs of homologous chromosomes by the passage according to the laws of probability of one of each diploid pair of homologous chromosomes into each gamete independently of each other pair (Box chart of parents and results)

Question 9

Law of Segregation

Answer 9

allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation and randomly unite at fertilization

Question 10

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 10

Genetic mix between two individuals who have homozygous genotypes AABB and AABB

Question 11

Dihybrid cross

Answer 11

Genetic mix between two different lines/genes that differ in two observed traits RRYY and rryy

Question 12

Sex Linkage

Answer 12

Phenotypic expression of an allele that is dependent on the gender of the individual and is directly tied to the sex chromosomes. Female (XX) and Male (XY). Sex linked genes are carried on the X chromosome.

Question 13

Genetic Linkage

Answer 13

Tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction.

Question 14

Disjunction

Answer 14

Normal seperation or moving apart of chromosomes toward opposite poles of the cell. Occurs during anaphase

Question 15

Nondisjunction

Answer 15

Mitosis: The failure of sister chromatids to separate during and after Mitosis
Meiosis: Failure of homologous chromosomes to segregate or separate during and after meiosis

Question 16

Complete Dominance

Answer 16

The allele that is regarded as dominant completely masks the effect of the allele that is recessive.

Question 17

Codominance

Answer 17

When two alleles of the same gene are present and both expressed (Ex: Blood type AB)

Question 18

Incompleted Dominance

Answer 18

Intermediate inheritance in which one allele of a trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele. Results in third phenotype (combination of the two.)

Question 19

Mitosis Process

Answer 19

1. Prophase= crossing over
2. Metaphase = line up along the metaphase plate
3. Anaphase = pairs split
4. Telophase = each cell has replicated chromosomes