genes

Question 1

What does a microbial “genome” include?

Answer 1

includes its genes and nucleotides sequences / entirety of an organisms hereditary or genetic information

Question 2

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 2

Large molecules that contain all the information that a cell needs to live

Question 3

What is unique about a viral genome?

Answer 3

will have DNA or RNA

Question 4

What is the general function of RNA

Answer 4

to assist dna to use the info from Dna to help make a protein in the cell

Question 5

what are the 3 types of RNA?

Answer 5

mRNA,tRNA, rRNA

Question 6

role of mRNA

Answer 6

holds the instructions for the correct sequence of amino acids (used as template)

Question 7

role of tRNA

Answer 7

helps w putting amino acids together at ribosome

Question 8

role of rRNA

Answer 8

makes up the ribosomes

Question 9

what are chromosomes

Answer 9

thread-like DNA containing structures (condensed DNA) of cellular organisms

Question 10

How is DNA “packaged” in a prokaryotic cell (bacteria)

Answer 10

circular molecule (ring shaped) containing all/most genes of the organism

Question 11

How is DNA “packaged” in a eukaryotic cell and where is it found

Answer 11

packaged in more than one chromosome per cell and it is found in the nucleus

Question 12

What organelle can have extranuclear DNA in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 12

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 13

Describe a plasmid—can it be transferred? What does a Resistance plasmid provide

Answer 13

Small molecules of DNA that replicate independently. it provides resistance to specific antimicrobial drugs

Question 14

What is a gene? Where are genes located? What does a gene code for?

Answer 14

a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA located on a chromosome. it codes for one specific protein trait

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

set of genes in the gentic makeup of a cell

Question 16

phenotype

Answer 16

physical features and functional traits of the organism (based on proteins produced)

Question 17

What occurs in the transcription portion of protein synthesis?

Answer 17

DNA makes RNA (mRNA)

Question 18

Define mutation. Can DNA damage be repaired in microorganisms

Answer 18

permeant change in DNA. some can but if not its turned into a mutation

Question 19

what are base substitution mutation

Answer 19

one base substituted for another

Question 20

what is frame shift mutation

Answer 20

insertion or deletion of nucleotide bases in numbers that are not multiple of 3

Question 21

what occurs in a missense mutation and what is the effect on the cell

Answer 21

the wrong amino acid is coded so desired protein is not made

Question 22

What occurs in a silent mutation and what is the effect on the cell?

Answer 22

Even though a base changed, the amino acid is not changed
so protein is still produced.
no effect on the cell

Question 23

19. What occurs in a nonsense mutation and what is the effect on the cell?

Answer 23

a stop codon is coded for instead of an amino acid so the protein is not completed

Question 24

spontaneous mutations

Answer 24

occurs in the absences of a mutagen, random mistake that occurs during replication

Question 25

induced mutation

Answer 25

mutagens, external factors increase factors

Question 26

what could induce mutation

Answer 26

uv light or X-rays

Question 27

what is the basic concept of the pcr test and how can it be used in health care

Answer 27

used to make multiple copies of a specific gene or segment of a DNA sample. can be used to determine if individual is infected with a microbe such as hiv