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Science > Genes > Flashcards

Genes Flashcards

1
Q

Genes that are sufficiently close together on a chromosome will tend to “stick together”, and the version (alleles) of those genes that are together on a chromosome will tend to be inherited as a pair more often than not.

A

Genetic linkage

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2
Q

Was one of the first scientist to discover that the inheritance of some traits do not follow the law of independent assortment.

A

William Bateson

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3
Q

Conducted experiments with sweet peas. They crossed plants that have purple flower and long pollen (dominant traits) with plants that have red flowers and round pollen ( recessive traits) that is PPLLxppll

A

William Bateson and Reginald punnet

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4
Q

An american biologist, found a similar contradiction against the law of independent assortment while studying fruit flies.

A

Thomas hunt morgan

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5
Q

According to him, when two genes are closely associated in the same chromosome, they do not assort independently.

A

Thomas hunt morgan

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6
Q

Totals of chromosomes that human have

A

46 chromosomes

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7
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes each parent

A

23

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8
Q

22 chromosomes are called?

A

Autosomes

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9
Q

Remaining one pair of chromosomes

A

Sex chromosomes

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10
Q

Gametes or sex cells are formed through?

A

Meiotic division

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11
Q

Female gametes is called?

A

Egg cell or ovum

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12
Q

Male gametes is called?

A

Spermatozoa

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13
Q

Is a diploid or has two sets of chromosomes

A

Zygote

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14
Q

Two kinds of sex chromosomes

A

X and Y chromosomes

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15
Q

Is any of the hereditary or genetic bleeding disorder that impair blood clotting processes, which prevent excessive blood loss when blood vessels are injured. Severe cases may cause bleeding that last for days or week

A

Hemophilia

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16
Q

Is a genetic condition that is characterized by the inability o identify color differences. Color blind persons are not blind, but they distinguish colors in a limited range of hues or may not see colors at all. One of the genes for color blind ness is located at the X chromosome

A

Color blindness

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17
Q

is the scientific study of genes and heredity of how certain qualities or traits are passed from parents to offspring as a result of changes in DNA sequence

A

Genetics

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18
Q

is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for building one or more molecules that help the body work

A

Gene

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19
Q

is related to the Greek word genos, which means “race, stock, or offspring.”

A

Gene

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20
Q

is chemically made up of a sequence of nucleotides, which are compounds that consist of a nitrogen containing base, the sugar deoxyribose, and phosphate.

A

Gene

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21
Q

a long chain of nucleotides, is a major component of chromosomes

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid(DNA)

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22
Q

is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms has the same DNA

A

DNA

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23
Q

are the characteristics features of an individual. These may be visible, such as eye and hair color, or hidden, such as blood type.

A

Traits

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24
Q

Can be transmitted to the next generation if they are inherent in the organism and are not acquired from or caused by the environment

A

Traits

25
Q

Traits that are common

A

High frequency traits

26
Q

Genes can change and take on two or more alternative forms.

A

Allele

27
Q

Simply the different forms of the same gene

A

Alleles

28
Q

An allele for a trait that always appears on is expressed by several generation of a family of organisms

A

Dominant

29
Q

An allele is _____ if it needs two compies to express a trait

A

Recessive

30
Q

Individual that inherit two alleles for a trait

A

Heterozygous

31
Q

Individual has the same alleles for a trait

A

Homozygous

32
Q

The alleles for a trait are _______ when neither one is dominant over the other

A

Codominant

33
Q

Father of genetics

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

34
Q

Through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance. He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits

A

Gregor Johann Mendel

35
Q

is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotype of a particular cross or bleeding experiment.

A

Punnett square

36
Q

Named after Reginald C. Punnett

A

Punnett square

37
Q

Used by biologist to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype

A

Diagram

38
Q

Demonstrated by crossing pea plants with different characteristics that gametes combine randomly. He used a punnett square to predict the outcome of any genetic cross

A

Gregor Mendel

39
Q

Refers to the genetic code of the individual. This is all the information that is found inside the individual cell

A

Genotype

40
Q

is the expression of the genotype that is invisible to other people and can be observed

A

Phenotype

41
Q

One is an exact copy of the other and each contains one DNA molecule

A

Two Identical Chromatids

42
Q

Short arm structure

A

P arm

43
Q

Constricted point of the chromosomes

A

Centromere

44
Q

Long arm structure

A

q arm

45
Q

Long string like DNA molecule formed into a compact structure by proteins called HISTONES

A

DNA MOLECULE

46
Q

The term _____ comes from the Greek words chroma, which means “color” and soma , which means “body”

A

Chromosomes

47
Q

is a structure found in the nucleus of cells and is made up of DNA that is tightly coiled around proteins, which serve as scaffolds or support

A

Chromosomes

48
Q

A ___ can be straight or rod-shaped, twisted or spiral, curved, filamentous, or spherical

A

Chromosomes

49
Q

A _____ is one of the two Identical strands of a replicated chromosomes

A

Chromatid

50
Q

The ______ of a chromosome are linked by a centromere, which contains an assembled protein complex called a KINETOCHORE

A

Sister chromatids

51
Q

Potential of genotype to vary within a population in response to genetic and environmental influences

A

Genetic variability

52
Q

The reshuffling of the sequence of nucleotides.

A

Homologous recombination

53
Q

Is a process by when which pieces of DNA are broken and recombined

A

Recombination

54
Q

Is a process of breeding organisms of different species or varieties by bringing together varied set of alleles to facilitate species adaption

A

Hybridization

55
Q

An offspring that result from a cross between two individuals that differ in at least one set of alleles is called?

A

Hybrid

56
Q

Condition of having more than two homologous or paired set of chromosomes

A

Polyploidy

57
Q

Introduce the idea of the origin of new genetic variability

A

Hugo de Vries

58
Q

Changes in the nucleotide sequence of a gene

A

Genetic mutation

Science (2 decks)

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