Genes 1 Flashcards
What bases are in DNA
A,T,C,G
What bases are in RNA
A,U,C,G,
What are Adenine and Guanine
Purines - 2 rings
What are Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine
Pyramidines - 1 rings
What happens with purines and pyramidines
They pair up
How many strands does DNA have
2
How many hydrogen bonds does C&G have
3
How many hydrogen bonds does A&T have
2
What is a gene
A specific section of DNA
What happens when you want to turn a gene into a protein
Transcription
What carries out transcription
RNA polymerase
What happens in transcription
RNA polymerase make a copy of the DNA sequence excepts replace Thymine with uracil
(The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted into a complementary RNA code.)
What happens in translation
The synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.
What is DNA to RNA
Transcription
Done by RNA polymerase
What is RNA to protein
Translation
Done by ribosome
What is the genome
Whole DNA sequence, stored in chromosomes which is full of DNA, wound around histone proteins
What is mongenic inheritance
Inheritance of a train through one gene
What is Mendelian inheritance
Simple inheritance where one gene is involved and two alleles
What are autosomal traits
Carried on any chromosome except X and Y (sex chromosomes)
What are polygenic characteristics
Influences by several genes
They makes the pattern of inheritance much more complex
What is a germ- line mutation
Passed on through gametes to the next generation
Every cell in that new organism will carry the mutation
What is a somatic mutation
Happens to a particular cell and cannot be passed on - e.g. a skin cell due to solar radiation
What is a substitution mutation
A type of mutation where one base pair is replaced by a different base pair
What are deletion or insertion mutations
When amino acids are inserted or deleted from the protein sequence
Can cause a frame shift
