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ITE 11 Introduction to Computing > Generation of Computers > Flashcards

Generation of Computers Flashcards

1
Q

First Generation When?

A

1940 - 1956

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2
Q

First Generation Characteristics

A

vacuum tube technology

very large

slow and non-portable

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3
Q

For the first generation what did they use vacuum tubes for?

A

circuitry

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4
Q

For the first generation what did they use magnetic drums for?

A

memory

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5
Q

What is a magnetic drum?

A

a metal cylinder coated with magnetic iron-oxide material on which data and program can be stored.

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6
Q

Examples of First Generation

A

ENAC, EDVAC, and UNIVAC

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7
Q

Second Generation is When?

A

1956 - 1963

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8
Q

What is a transistor?

A

made up of semiconductor material like germanium and silicon. It usually had three leads and performed electrical functions such as voltage, current or power amplification with low power requirement.

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9
Q

What generation was magnetic cores and what were they used for?

A

Second generation (1956 - 1963)

used as primary memory and
magnetic disks as secondary storage devices.

However, they still relied on punched cards for input
and printouts for output

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10
Q

Examples of Second Generation

A

PDP - 8, IBM 1401, IBM 7090

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11
Q

Characteristics of Second Generation

A

based on transistor technology

smaller compared to first generation

more portable and generated less heat

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12
Q

When was Third Generation

A

1964 to Early 1970

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13
Q

What generation was Integrated Circuit?

A

Third Generation

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14
Q

What is IC

A

consists of a single
chip with many components such as transistors and resistors fabricated on it

replaced several individually
wired transistor.

instead of punched cards and printouts, users interacted with third generation computers
through keyboards and monitors and interfaced
with operating system

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15
Q

Example of Third Generation

A

NCR 395 and b6500

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16
Q

Characteristics of Third Generation

A

based on integrated circuits (ic)

reduce computational time from micro seconds to nano seconds.

Extensive use of high – level language became
possible

17
Q

When was Fourth Generation

A

Early 1970 - Till Date

18
Q

What generation was Microprocessors

A

Fourth Generation

19
Q

Define LSI, VLSI, and ULSI

A

Large Scale Integration

Very Large Scale Integration

Ultra large scale integration

20
Q

LSI technology allowed what?

A

thousands of transistors to be
constructed on one small slice of silicon material

21
Q

VLSI squeezed

A

hundreds of thousands of
components on to a single ewp

22
Q

Examples of Fourth Generation

A

Apple ii, Attair 8800 and CRAY - 1

23
Q

Characteristics of Fourth Generation

A

microprocessor based systems

very small computers

GUI and pointing devices enable users to learn to
use the computer quickly

Interconnection of computers leads to better
communication and resource sharing

24
Q

When was the 5th Generation: Artificial Intelligence

A

Present and Beyond

25
Q

Define Expert System

A

a computer information
system that attempts to mimic the thought process and
reasoning of experts in specific areas three characteristics can be identified with the fifth generation computer these are.

26
Q

What are mega chips

A

Fifth generation computers will use super large scale integrated (SLSI) chips, which will result in the production of microprocessor having millions of electronic components on a single chip

27
Q

What is parallel processing

A

A computer using parallel
processing accesses several instructions at once and
works on them at the same time through use of multiple
central processing units

28
Q

What is artificial intelligence

A

AI comprises a group of
related technologies expert systems (ES), natural
language processing (NLP) speech recognition, vision
recognition and robotics

29
Q

Computer Usage and Application in Society

A

Business
Science
Government
Health and Medical
Education
Publishing
Weather Forecasting
Research

ITE 11 Introduction to Computing (4 decks)

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