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Physics (P.1) > Generating Energy > Flashcards

Generating Energy Flashcards

0
Q

What are the three fossil fuels and nuclear?

A

Oil
Coal
Natural gas
Nuclear fuels-uranium and plutonium

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1
Q

How are electricity generators in power stations driven

A

By turbines

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2
Q

What is an advantage of fossil fuel power stations

A

They are reliable, not dependant of the wether

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3
Q

What is a disadvantage of using fossil fuel power stations

A

They produce green house gasses (such as carbon dioxide) and sulphuric acid (causing acid rain)

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4
Q

How can we stop Carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere

A

By using carbon captures and storage

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5
Q

What is used in nuclear power stations as fuels

A

Uranium or plunonium

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6
Q

How is the energy released in a nuclear power station

A

By nuclear fission

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7
Q

What are advantages of using a nuclear power station

A

It doesn’t produce any greenhouse gasses, more energy is released per kg than in fossil fuels power stations

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8
Q

What is a disadvantage of nuclear power station

A

Radioactive wast is produced (stays dangerous for hundreds of years): an explosion at a nuclear power station would affect the area for many years

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9
Q

What do all nuclear, coal and oil power stations provide

A

They provide a constant amount of electricity (the base-load demand)

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10
Q

That is the start-up time

A

It is the needed before a new power station can start producing electricity.

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11
Q

What power station has the shortest start up time

A

Natural gas

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12
Q

Which power station has the longest start up time

A

Nuclear

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13
Q

What is ment by to decommission a nuclear power station

A

It means to dismantle and remove radioactive wast and fuel

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14
Q

What can gas fired power stations and pumped storage stations (hydroelectric) do

A

They can meet variations in demand

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15
Q

What type of energy source are biofuels

A

Renewable sources of energy

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16
Q

What are renewable source

A

They our sources which can be used again and again

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17
Q

What is a wind turbine

A

It is an electricity generator on top of a tall tower

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18
Q

Who do wave generators produce electricity

A

By turning a floating generator

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19
Q

How are hydroelectric generators turned

A

By water running down hill

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20
Q

How do tidal power stations work

A

They trap the water at each high tide and use it to turn the generators

21
Q

What are solar cells

A

Th are flat, solid cells that convert solar energy directly into electrity

22
Q

What do solar heating panels use the sun energy for

A

To heat water directly

23
Q

What are some advantages of renewable sources

A

They will never run out
They don’t produce greenhouse gases (but most are still bad for the environment in some ways, although less than non-renewables)
Many are in remote areas

24
What are the disadvantages of renewable energy sources
They can affect plant and animal life They are often weather dependant therefore are unreliable They do not always produce as much electricity as fossil fuel power stations
25
List all the renewable energy sources:
``` Wind Wave Tidale Solar Hydroelectric Geothermal Biofuels Food ```
26
Give three facts about non-renewables:
They will run out one day They all do damage to the environment They provide most of our energy
27
What are all the energy sources
The fossil fuels (coal, gas and natural gas) Uranium and plutonium And biofuels
28
What is the process of fossil fuels becomes electrical energy ink a power station?
The fossil fuel is burner to convert tits stored chemical energy into heat (thermal) energy The heat energy is used to heat the water (or air in some power stations) to produce steam The turbine is connected to a generator, which transfers kinetic energy into electrical energy
29
What is the process of uranium, plutonium and biofuels turning into electrical energy in power stations?
In some power stations an energy source is used to heat water. The steam produced drives a turbine that is coupled to an electrical generator. Uranium and plutonium, when energy from nuclear fission is used to heat water Biofuels that can be burned to heat water
30
What else apart from steam can drive the turbines in a power station?
Water | Wind
31
What is the difference between a fossil fuel power station and a nuclear power station?
The difference is in the boiler-with nuclear fission of uranium or plutonium producing the heat to make the steam to turn the turbines
32
What are the advantages of wind power?
No pollution once constructed No fuel cost and minimal running costs There is no permanent damage to the landscape-is you remove the turbines, you remove the noise and the view returns to normal
33
What are the disadvantages of wind power?
A little pollution made during manufacturing Spoils views 1500 wind turbines will replace one coal-fired power station Can be noisy No power when the wind stops and it's impossible to increase supply when there is extra demand May cause health problem for those living near the wind turbines
34
What are the advantages of solar cells?
No pollution In sunny countries solar power is a very reliable source of energy Solar power can still be cost effective even in cloudy countries like Britain The energy is free and running costs almost nil
35
What are the disadvantages of solar cells?
They do use quite a lot of energy to manufacture in the first place Only reliable during the day Initial costs are high Solar cells are usually used to generate electricity on a relatively small scale e.g. Individual homes It's often not practical or too expensive to connect them to the national gird-the cost of connecting them can be enormous compared with try value of the electricity generated
36
What are the advantages of hydroelectric power?
There is no pollution It can provide an immediate response to an increased demand for electricity Good for UK as there's no problem with reliability except in time of draught There's no fuel and minimal running costs Useful to generate electricity Ina small scale in remote areas Small scale production e.g in remount areas
37
What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric power?
Not good for courtiers which have draughts Initial cost is high big impact on the environment due to the flooding of the valley (rotting vegetation releases methane and CO2) and possible loss of habitats for some species (sometimes loss of whole villages) The reservoirs can also look very unsightly when they dry up, putting hydroelectric power stations in remote villages tends to reduce their impact on humans
38
What is geothermal energy?
In some volcanic area hot water and steam rise to the surface. The steam can be trapped and used to drive turbines. This is known as geothermal energy
39
What are the advantages of small-scale production of energy?
Useful locally Useful in some areas e.g. Hydroelectric in emote areas Useful for some uses e.g. Solar cells for road signs
40
What is the problem with small-scale energy production?
It is sometime uneconomical to connect such generation to the National Grid
41
Using different energy sources has differs effects on the environment. These effects include:
The release of substances into the atmosphere The production of wast materials Noise and visual pollution The destruction of wildlife habitats
42
What are the advantages of geothermal?
Free energy source | No production of polluting gases
43
What are the disadvantages of geothermal power?
Only economically viable in very few places | Drilling through large depth of rock is difficult and expensive
44
How can you prevent carbon dioxide being released into the atmosphere?
We can catch it and store it in carbon captures or carbon strangers. Some of the best natural containers are old oil and gas field such as those under the North Sea
45
Which power stations have the shortest start-up time?
Fossil fule | Gase-fired
46
In some power stations an energy source us used to heat up water. How does it work?
The steam produced drives a turbine that is coupled to an electrical generator.
47
What happens in a fossil fuel power station?
They are burned to hear the water or air
48
What happens in an uranium and plutonium power station?
Energy from the nuclear fission is used to heat the water
49
What happens in a biofuels power station?
They can be burned to heat water
50
What can water and wind be used for?
To directly drive a trubine
51
What can sun radiation produce?
Electricity directly

Physics (P.1) (9 decks)

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