GENERALIZED SZ Flashcards
____________ associated with symptomatic generalized epilepsy are more heterogeneous but are characteristic of patients with diffuse structural injury.
Generalized seizures
WHAT IS SHOWN?
A brief 1-sec burst of 3-Hz generalized polyspike-spike-andwave
that is associated with a “postictal” arousal
When bursts of 3-Hz spike-and-waves are generalized, regular, symmetrical, synchronous, and maximal in the anterior head regions and are longer than 3 sec, the EEG strongly suggests the diagnosis of___________
With aging, absence seizures may become more_______
absence seizure (petit mal).
irregular and slower in frequency
WHAT IS SHOWN?
Absence seizure. Note the asymmetrical left frontal onset
When prolonged bursts of generalized spike-and-waves (GSW) last >3 sec, __________ is likely to become clinically evident. Shifting asymmetries are not unusual and do not constitute a focal onset.
Impaired responsiveness
WHAT SEIZURE IS EXHIBITED?
Absence (petit mal) seizure in an 8-year-old boy.
WHAT IS SHOWN?
Atypical absence seizure in a patient with encephalopathic generalized epilepsy. Notice the polyspikes that evolve to a slow spike-andwave
pattern.
________are associated with a single complex or burst
of generalized spike or polyspike-and-waves
Myoclonic seizures
WHAT IS SHOWN?
Myoclonic seizure associated with a burst of generalized polyspike- and-waves in a patient with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME)
WHAT TYPE OF SZ?
Myoclonus followed by generalized tonic-clonic seizure in a
patient with JME.
Generalized tonic-clonic (GTC), or “grand mal” seizures, are generalized seizures with a tonic and clonic component. The EEG demonstrates a ______that is composed of repetitive alpha frequencies in the maximal anterior head regions
“recruiting rhythm”
_____are brief tonic spasms that involve head flexion and
arm abduction and extension for seconds, usually occurring in clusters between 1 and 3 years of age
Infantile spasms
EEG OF INFANTILE SPASM
The spasms begin with an abrupt generalized electrodecremental response on EEG with generalized attenuation of the background frequencies which may have faster frequencies superimposed lasting from <1 sec to several seconds.
WHAT IS SHOWN?
Infantile spasm noted in second 7 above with an electrodecremental response obtained in a 3-year-old child with tuberous sclerosis. Note the high amplitude. Infantile spasms are brief tonic spasms that involve head flexion
_______typically have an abrupt onset of a generalized 10-Hz rhythm on EEG. Generalized paroxysmal fast activity is often seen as the associated features on EEG, although it may have no apparent clinical features associated with brief bursts that occur during sleep
Tonic seizures
WHAT IS SHOWN?
Tonic seizure in a patient with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
