Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Parasitologie > Generalite en Parasitologie > Flashcards

Generalite en Parasitologie Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of trypanosomiasis?

A

A parasitosis caused by a flagellated protozoan of the genus Trypanosoma transmitted by the bite of an infected tsetse fly.

Also known as sleeping sickness.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many countries in sub-Saharan Africa report cases of human African trypanosomiasis?

A

36 countries.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What significant trend was observed in 2009 regarding trypanosomiasis cases?

A

The number of reported cases fell below 10,000 for the first time in 50 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What was the number of trypanosomiasis cases reported in 2020?

A

633 cases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the taxonomic classification of Trypanosoma brucei?

A
  • Phylum: Sarcomastigophora
  • Class: Zoomastigophorea
  • Order: Kinétoplastida
  • Family: Trypanosomatidae
  • Genus: Trypanosoma
  • Species: Trypanosoma brucei
  • Subspecies: T. b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two forms of Trypanosoma?

A
  • Trypomastigote
  • Epimastigote.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the morphology of the trypomastigote form?

A

Elongated and fusiform, measuring 15-40 µm long and 2-3 µm wide, with a central nucleus and a free flagellum at the body end.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the habitat of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense?

A

Found in human blood, lymph nodes, and cerebrospinal fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the mode of transmission for African trypanosomiasis?

A

Vector-borne transmission via the bite of an infected tsetse fly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the infective form of the Trypanosoma in the tsetse fly?

A

Epimastigote.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

True or False: The vector for Trypanosomiasis is the tsetse fly.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two phases of the clinical evolution of trypanosomiasis?

A
  • Lymphatic-sanguine phase
  • Meningoencephalitic phase.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What characterizes the lymphatic-sanguine phase of trypanosomiasis?

A

Multiplication of trypanosomes in blood and lymph nodes with symptoms like fever, headaches, and lymphadenopathy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are common clinical signs during the meningoencephalitic phase?

A
  • Sensory disturbances
  • Motor disturbances
  • Psychological disturbances.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the incubation period for African trypanosomiasis?

A

1 to 2 weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What non-specific biological modifications are observed in the lymphatic-sanguine phase?

A
  • Anemia
  • Hyperleukocytosis with monocytosis
  • Increased serum IgM levels.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the diagnostic method for confirming the presence of trypanosomes?

A

Parasitological examination of blood, lymph nodes, or cerebrospinal fluid.

18
Q

What is the appearance of the cerebrospinal fluid in the meningoencephalitic phase?

A

Clear but abnormal with leukocytosis and presence of Mott cells.

19
Q

What are some factors that favor the spread of trypanosomiasis?

A
  • High temperature and humidity
  • Poverty
  • Agricultural practices.
20
Q

What is the role of the glossina in the life cycle of Trypanosoma?

A

It serves as the vector where trypanosomes multiply and develop before infecting humans.

21
Q

Fill in the blank: The infective form of Trypanosoma injected into humans is called _______.

A

metacyclic trypomastigote.

22
Q

What are the clinical signs of the lymphatic-sanguine phase?

A
  • Anarchic fever
  • Indolent lymphadenopathy
  • Hepatosplenomegaly.
23
Q

What is the geographic distribution of T.b. gambiense?

A

West and Central Africa.

24
Q

What is the main vector species for T. b. gambiense?

A

Glossina palpalis.

25
What is the main vector species for T. b. rhodesiense?
Glossina morsitans.
26
What is the consequence of untreated trypanosomiasis?
Lethargy and coma leading to death.
27
What is the initial examination method for diagnosing parasites?
Examen microscopique à l’état frais ## Footnote This method allows for the visualization of parasites in their natural state.
28
What form do parasites take during examination after staining?
trypomastigote ## Footnote This refers to a specific life cycle stage of certain parasites.
29
What is the sample type used for diagnosing during the meningoencephalic phase?
L.C.R. prélevé par ponction lombaire ## Footnote L.C.R. stands for liquide céphalorachidien, or cerebrospinal fluid.
30
Which staining technique is used for examining the frottis?
Giemsa ## Footnote Giemsa stain is commonly used to visualize parasites in blood smears.
31
What does the immunological diagnosis reveal?
Anticorps dans le sérum et le LCR ## Footnote This indicates the presence of antibodies against the parasites.
32
Name a technique used in immunological diagnosis.
Immuno-fluorescence indirecte (IFI) ## Footnote This technique helps visualize antibodies bound to antigens.
33
What is the sensitivity of PCR in molecular diagnosis?
1 parasite/ml ## Footnote PCR allows for the detection of very low amounts of parasitic DNA.
34
What medication is used for the lymphatic-sanguine phase?
Pentacarinat (iséthionate de pentamidine) ## Footnote It is administered at a dosage of 4mg/kg/j without exceeding 300 mg.
35
How is Moranyl (suramine sodique) administered?
20mg/kg par injection hébdomadaire IM ou IV ## Footnote This refers to intramuscular or intravenous administration.
36
What is the posology for Arsobal (mélarsoprol) in the meningoencephalic phase?
3,6mg/kg en séries de 3 injections quotidiennes ## Footnote This is a strict intramuscular administration protocol.
37
What is the dosage for Eflornithine (difluorométhylornithine)?
400mg/kg/j en perfusion continue pendant 14j ## Footnote This treatment may be renewed if necessary.
38
What is the combination therapy known as NECT?
Nifurtimox–Eflornithine ## Footnote This combination is used for treating certain types of sleeping sickness.
39
What is a general prophylactic measure against glossines?
Utilisation des insecticides pulvérisés par voie terrestre ou aérienne ## Footnote This is aimed at reducing the population of tsetse flies.
40
What is one individual prophylactic measure to avoid glossine bites?
Application de répulsifs sur la peau ## Footnote Repellents can help prevent insect bites.
41
Fill in the blank: The technique used for detection of antibodies is called _______.
Immuno-fluorescence indirecte (IFI) ## Footnote This technique is essential for immunological diagnosis.
42
True or False: The sensitivity of PCR is low for detecting parasites.
False ## Footnote PCR is highly sensitive, able to detect as few as 1 parasite/ml.

Parasitologie (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions