General virology and lab diagnostic methods Flashcards

1
Q

In what form do viruses contain nucleic acids?

A

In the form of linear or circular RNA in a single strand (most RNA viruses) and DNA in a double strand (most DNA viruses) in a (+) or (-) sense direction

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2
Q

What is the nucleic acid typically surrounded by? What is this made of?

A

Protein coat (caspid), made of subunits that form a helical, icosahedral or complex structure

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3
Q

What may nucleic acid complex with?

A

Nucleoprotein

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4
Q

Describe uneveloped viruses

A
  • Typically resistant to acid and desiccation

- Typically cause infection via the oro-faecal route

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5
Q

What size are viruses?

A

Mostly 20-300nm

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6
Q

Are viruses visible by light microscope?

A

No

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7
Q

What is the viral envelope derived from?

A

It is a lipid bilayer derived from the host cell

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8
Q

What determines the Baltimore classification of the virus?

A

Nucleic acid type (and replication strategy)

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9
Q

What are methods of detecting virus or virus fragments in the blood or CSF?

A

ELISA
PCR (or RT-PCR)
Plaque (or other infectious centre) assays
Hemagglutination

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10
Q

What are methods for detecting specific antibody?

A

ELISA, hemagglutination inhibition

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11
Q

Baltimore class I

A

Double-stranded DNA viruses

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12
Q

Baltimore class II

A

Single-stranded DNA viruses

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13
Q

Baltimore class III

A

Double-stranded RNA viruses

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14
Q

Baltimore class IV

A

Single-stranded RNA viruses - postive-sense

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15
Q

Baltimore class V

A

Single-stranded RNA viruses - negative-sense

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16
Q

Baltimore class VI

A

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that replicate through a DNA intermediate

17
Q

Baltimore class VII

A

Double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate through a single-stranded RNA intermediate

18
Q

Draw the structure of a virus

A

See folder with notes

19
Q

describe B1

A

Nuclear replication
Requires host polymerase
Dependent on cell cycle
Cancer

20
Q

Describe b2

A

Nuclear replication

21
Q

Describe B3

A

Cytoplasmic replication
Little dependence on polymerase
Segmental genome
Monocistronic

22
Q

Describe b4 and b5

A

cytoplasmic replication
+ can directly access ribosomes
- RNA must be transcribed to mRNA

23
Q

Describe b6

A

reverse transcribed DNA intermediate with integration

24
Q

Describe b7

A

gapped DNA requiring RT step

25
Example of B1
Herpes
26
Example of 4
Polio | HCV
27
Examaple of V
Influenza
28
Example of VI
HIV
29
Example of VII
HBV
30
Examples of enveloped viruses
HIV Influenza HepC Herpes
31
Examples of non-enveloped viruses
Adeno and papilloma
32
What is eclipse phase?
Period immediately after infection before new virus production
33
What is burst size?
Number of new infectious particles produced by an infected cell