General virology and lab diagnostic methods Flashcards

1
Q

In what form do viruses contain nucleic acids?

A

In the form of linear or circular RNA in a single strand (most RNA viruses) and DNA in a double strand (most DNA viruses) in a (+) or (-) sense direction

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2
Q

What is the nucleic acid typically surrounded by? What is this made of?

A

Protein coat (caspid), made of subunits that form a helical, icosahedral or complex structure

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3
Q

What may nucleic acid complex with?

A

Nucleoprotein

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4
Q

Describe uneveloped viruses

A
  • Typically resistant to acid and desiccation

- Typically cause infection via the oro-faecal route

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5
Q

What size are viruses?

A

Mostly 20-300nm

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6
Q

Are viruses visible by light microscope?

A

No

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7
Q

What is the viral envelope derived from?

A

It is a lipid bilayer derived from the host cell

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8
Q

What determines the Baltimore classification of the virus?

A

Nucleic acid type (and replication strategy)

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9
Q

What are methods of detecting virus or virus fragments in the blood or CSF?

A

ELISA
PCR (or RT-PCR)
Plaque (or other infectious centre) assays
Hemagglutination

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10
Q

What are methods for detecting specific antibody?

A

ELISA, hemagglutination inhibition

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11
Q

Baltimore class I

A

Double-stranded DNA viruses

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12
Q

Baltimore class II

A

Single-stranded DNA viruses

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13
Q

Baltimore class III

A

Double-stranded RNA viruses

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14
Q

Baltimore class IV

A

Single-stranded RNA viruses - postive-sense

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15
Q

Baltimore class V

A

Single-stranded RNA viruses - negative-sense

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16
Q

Baltimore class VI

A

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that replicate through a DNA intermediate

17
Q

Baltimore class VII

A

Double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate through a single-stranded RNA intermediate

18
Q

Draw the structure of a virus

A

See folder with notes

19
Q

describe B1

A

Nuclear replication
Requires host polymerase
Dependent on cell cycle
Cancer

20
Q

Describe b2

A

Nuclear replication

21
Q

Describe B3

A

Cytoplasmic replication
Little dependence on polymerase
Segmental genome
Monocistronic

22
Q

Describe b4 and b5

A

cytoplasmic replication
+ can directly access ribosomes
- RNA must be transcribed to mRNA

23
Q

Describe b6

A

reverse transcribed DNA intermediate with integration

24
Q

Describe b7

A

gapped DNA requiring RT step

25
Q

Example of B1

A

Herpes

26
Q

Example of 4

A

Polio

HCV

27
Q

Examaple of V

A

Influenza

28
Q

Example of VI

A

HIV

29
Q

Example of VII

A

HBV

30
Q

Examples of enveloped viruses

A

HIV
Influenza
HepC
Herpes

31
Q

Examples of non-enveloped viruses

A

Adeno and papilloma

32
Q

What is eclipse phase?

A

Period immediately after infection before new virus production

33
Q

What is burst size?

A

Number of new infectious particles produced by an infected cell