General VET Health Flashcards
components of medical terminology
root- gives essential meaning of word
suffix- word ending
prefix- beginning of term
combining vowel- connects roots and suffixes
Anatomy
cutting up of the human body to determine and view body structures
Physiology
study of body functioning
Pathology
study of disease/ conditions
metabolism
relates to the total number of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism
homeostatis
the condition of a relatively stable internal environment, maintained within narrow limits, in the face of external change.
negative feedback loop
a reaction in which the system responds to produce change in the opposite direction to the stimulus –> maintainence e.g- body temp to high = system will bring it down
positive feedback loop
a reaction in which the system responds to produce a change in the same direction of the stimuli –> amplifying e.g- pressure on cervix= want it to open more
prokaryotic cells
simplest cellular organism, single celled
eukaryotic cells
more complex, multi cellular
function of nucleus
hold DNA that controls cellular functions
function of mitocondria
provides energy in the form of ATP for aerobic cellular respiration
functions of the cytoplasm
helps maintain shape of the cell and is where chemical reaction take place
function of cell membrane
controls the inputs and outputs of the cells
specialized cells
cells have different structures that allow for them to have specialised functions
RBC- function and structure
carry o2 around the body/ contains haemoglobin to join with oxygen. + large surface area to increase diffusion
Nerve cells- structure and function
to carry nerve impulses around the body/ long + have connections at each end
egg cell
join with male cell and provides food to the new cell that is being formed/ large and contains lots of cytoplasm
sperm cell
to reach female egg cell and join with it/ long tail for swimming, head for getting into female egg cell
transport in cells- gaseous exchange
diffusion/ passage of molecules inc. o2 co2, nutrients, salts from high concentration to a low concentration/ passive
transport in cells- osmosis
only in water/ passive- does not require energy/ water moves down the concentration gradient
transport in cells- active transport
requires energy b/c going against the concentration gradient/ low to high
diffusion –> adaptations
rate of diffusion increases with a larger surface area.
nephron (kidney) - water, ions, glucose
alveolus (lungs)- O2, CO2
Villi (small intestine)- fatty acids and glycerol
tissues
large number of the same cell type
they are categorized by size, shape, function
connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous
muscle tissue -> structure, function, location, examples/types
structure -> ability to contract and relax
function -> control movement of oxygen, blood, nutrients, calcium, waste -> controlling body movements
location/types -> smooth, cardiac, skeletal
connective tissue -> structure, function, location, examples/types
structure -> most contain fibrous strands, contain fluid component
function -> support internal organs (help hold in place)
- > transport of substances
- > protection
- > insulation
location/types -> found between different tissues and organs, types include blood, bone, adipose, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, fascia
epithelial tissue -> structure, function, location, examples/types
structure -> large sheets of continuous cells
function -> protection (lines organs and external surfaces), secretion of substances, absorption (e.g. of nutrients)
location -> body surface, body cavity + internal organs (lining), glands, examples include skin
types -> squamous (simple and stratified)
cuboidal (simple and stratified)
columnar (simple, stratified,
pseudostratified)
nervous tissue -> structure, function, location, examples/types
structure -> 3 principle parts (dendrite, axon, cell body)
function -> communication, provide sensory information, sends motor signals to specific organs/tissues to control cellular functions
locations -> CNS, PNS
types/examples -> neurons, gila
