General Urology Flashcards
What are the differentials for haematuria?
Painful
- Ureteric calculi
- Urinary tract infection (haemorrhagic cystitis, Pyelo)
- Infarction
- Trauma to kidneys/urinary tract
Painless (or minimal)
- Urinary tract cancer (ie RCC)
- Glomerulonephritis
- BPH
- Post procedural (ie cystoscopy, catheter insertion, radiation)
- Anticoagulation/bleeding diathesis
- AV fistula/AAA
- STI/UTI
What are the best predictors of renal stone passage without surgical intervention?
Size
Site
Patient pain levels
What is the definition of priapism?
Persistent erection of the penis or clitoris that is not associated with sexual stimulation or desire
What are the different imaging modalities for renal stones and their pros/cons?
What are the differentials for scrotal pain/swelling and how can they be told apart?
What is the initial management of haematuria with clots?
- Exclude/treat retention
- Treat coagulopathy if present
- Treat infection if present
- Insert IDC for clot irrigation
- Referral to Urology for FU/OP’s
What is the general care for patients going home with an IDC in situ post urinary retention?
- Catheter care instructions
- Spare leg bags
- Advice on complications and when to return
- Ensure catheter draining well
- +/- antibiotics cover depending on the cause
- Ensure Urology/TOV outpatients is booked
What are the main causes of urinary retention?
- Spinal cord (ie cauda equina, trauma, inflammatory etc)
- UTI/STIl
- BPH
- Tumours
- Anticholinergics
- Urethral strictures
- Constipation
- Calculus in the urethra
- Clot retention
