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Endocrinology > General Thyroid Disorders > Flashcards

General Thyroid Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Draw the structure of the thyroid

A

Diagram

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2
Q

Where does the thyroid gland originate

A

The back of the tongue, foramen caccum, thyrogloassal duct

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3
Q

When does the thyroid finish development in embryology

A

week 7

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4
Q

How much does an adult thyroid gland weigh

A

20g

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5
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands

A

Embedded in the thyroid

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6
Q

Which nerve runs close to the thyroid

A

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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7
Q

What problems may there be with development

A 
Agnesis (complete absence)
Incomplete descent (from base of the tongue to the trachea
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8
Q

What percentage of the population do thyroid disorders affect

A

5%

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9
Q

In which gender are thyroid disorders more prevalent in

A

Females

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10
Q

What is myxoedema known as

A

Primary hypothyroidism

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11
Q

What is primary hypothyroidism caused by

A

Primary thyroid failure, autoimmune damage to the thyroid or by surgery.

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12
Q

What occurs during primary hypothyroidism

A

thyroxine levels decrease and TSH levels increase

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13
Q

What is TRH

A

Thyrotrophin releasing hormone

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14
Q

What is TSH

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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15
Q

How does primary hypothyroidism present

A 
Deepening voice
Depression and tiredness
Cold intolerance
Weight gain with reduced appetite
Constipation
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16
Q

How does primary hypothyroidism present

A 
Deepening voice
Depression and tiredness
Cold intolerance
Weight gain with reduced appetite
Constipation
Bradycardia (~40bpm)
eventual myxoedema coma
17
Q

How is primary hypothyroidism treated

A

Replace the thyroxine

Monitor TSH and TRH

18
Q

How does the immune system contribute to an overactive thyroid gland

A

simulation of thyroxine release

19
Q

How does an overactive thyroid gland present

A 
Raised basal metabolic rate
Raised temp.
Increased heart rate
Myopathy 
Mood swings 
Diarrhoea 
Increased appetite but weight loss 
Tremor of hands 
Palpitations 
Sore eyes, goitre
20
Q

What causes hyperthyroidism

A

Graves’ disease, where the gland is smoothly enlarged and is overreactive

21
Q

What type of disease is Graves’ disease

A

Autoimmune

22
Q

What is Graves’ disease caused by

A

Antibodies binding to the TSH receptor and the thyroid gland becomes overactive
This can lead to enlargement of the thyroid forming a goitre
Other antibodies bind to muscles behind the eye which pushes the eye forwards and causes EXOPHTHALMOS (also known as proptosis)
Other antibodies stimulate the growth of soft tissue on the shin and causes PRETIBIAL MYXOEDEMA (hypertrophy)

Endocrinology (9 decks)

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