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RLG201 Terminology > General Terms > Flashcards

General Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Agnosticism

A

The view that the truth about certain claims is unknown or unknowable

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2
Q

Animism

A

The belief that non-human beings have a spiritual essence

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3
Q

Atheism

A

The rejection of belief in the existence of deities or the absence of belief

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3
Q

BCE

A

Before common era

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4
Q

BC

A

Before Christ

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6
Q

Blasphemy, profanation

A

Showing contempt or irreverence towards things considered to be sacred or holy

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7
Q

Charismatic

A

Possessing qualities that generate respect and loyalty among followers

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8
Q

Church

A

Either a building for religious worship or a body of worshippers, most commonly used in Christianity

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9
Q

Cleric

A

A priest or religious leader, especially Christian or Muslim

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10
Q

Comparative study of religion

A

Systematic comparison of the doctrines and practices of world religions with the intent to develop a greater knowledge of human beliefs and practices

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11
Q

Creationism

A

The belief that the universe and life originated from specific acts of creation

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12
Q

Cult

A

A religious or social group with socially deviant or novel beliefs and practices

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13
Q

Cult/sect, sectarianism

A

A subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system

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14
Q

Definitions of human religion

A

a

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15
Q

Deism

A

Belief in the existence of God on the basis of nature and evidence, rejecting the supernatural

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16
Q

Determinism

A

The belief that every event and circumstance is the inevitable consequence of preceding events

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17
Q

Doctrine

A

A belief or set of beliefs held and taught by a Church, political party, or other group

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18
Q

Dogma, dogmatic

A

A principle or principles that are established by an authority as incontrovertibly true, expressing opinions as if they are beyond doubt

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18
Q

Quantum entanglement

A

A

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20
Q

Quantum entanglement

A

A

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21
Q

Esoteric/exoteric

A

Esoteric - understood by or meant for a select few with special knowledge or interest
Exoteric - knowledge that is outside of and independent from a person’s experiences and attainable by anyone

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22
Q

Evolutionism

A

The belief that organisms inherently improve themselves through change over time and increase in complexity

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23
Q

Faith

A

Belief that is not based on proof

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24
Q

Festival

A

A time of special importance for adherents of a given religion, generally connected to cycles of the calendar year or lunar calendar

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25
Q

Fetishism

A

Belief in objects that have supernatural powers, usually man-made

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26
Q

Fideistic

A

A theory that faith and reason are independent of each other, and possibly opposed to each other

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27
Q

Forteana

A

Strange, naturally occurring phenomena that science cannot yet explain, from writer and researcher Charles Fort

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28
Q

Fundamentalism

A

Demand for strict adherence to doctrines

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29
Q

God

A

A supreme being and principle object of faith

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30
Q

Henotheism

A

The belief and worship of a single God while accepting the possible existence of other deities that may also be worshipped

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31
Q

Heresy

A

An opinion or doctrine at variance with the accepted doctrine of a church or religious system

32
Q

Holy

A

Having a spiritually pure quality

33
Q

Ideology

A

The body of doctrines, principles, beliefs, etc., that guides an individual or group of people

34
Q

Hypothesis, Theory

A

A proposed explanation for the occurrence of some phenomenon to guide scientific investigation
A group of tested propositions commonly regarded as correct

35
Q

Idealism

A

The attitude of a person who believes it is possible to live by high standards of behavior and honesty
In philosophy, the belief that reality is fundamentally mental or immaterial

36
Q

Imperial religion

A

The belief that Emperors or heads of state hold divine authority or are themselves gods

37
Q

Intelligent design

A

The belief that some features of the universe are best explained by an intelligent cause rather than undirected or random processes

38
Q

Judgment

A

In religions, the belief that there will be some post-mortal judgment and assignment of rewards and punishment based on acts, beliefs, or desires in mortality

39
Q

Karma

A

means action, work, or deed; the belief that the intents and actions of an individual influence the future of that individual

40
Q

Legend

A

A story from the past that is believed by many people but cannot be proven to be true, or a popular myth of recent origin

41
Q

Magic

A

An attempt to understand and exploit supernatural forces using rituals, symbols, actions, gestures, and language

42
Q

Mana

A

Supernatural power, common in Polynesian cultures

43
Q

Materialism

A

Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all phenomena, including mental phenomena and consciousness, are the result of material interactions.

43
Q

Minimum of religion

A

A

44
Q

Methods/methodology

A

A

46
Q

Monism

A

The philosophical view that a variety of existing things can be explained in terms of a single reality or substance

46
Q

Myth, mythology

A

A

48
Q

Myth, mythology

A

Stories told to explain nature, history, and customs of a people

49
Q

New Age movement

A

A movement in the occult and metaphysical religious communities in the 1970s and 80s, looking forward to the “New Age” of love and light

50
Q

New religious movements

A

A new religious movement (NRM) is a religious community or spiritual group of modern origins, which has a peripheral place within its nation’s dominant religious culture. NRMs can be novel in origin or part of a wider religion, in which case they are distinct from pre-existing denominations.

51
Q

Orthodoxy

A

Orthodoxy (from Greek ὀρθός, orthos (“right”, “true”, “straight”) and δόξα, doxa (“opinion” or “belief”, related to dokein, “to think”),) is adherence to accepted norms, more specifically to creeds, especially in religion.

52
Q

Orthopraxy

A

In the study of religion, orthopraxy is correct conduct, both ethical and liturgical, as opposed to faith or grace etc. This contrasts with orthodoxy, which emphasizes correct belief, and ritualism, the use of rituals. The word is a neoclassical compound—ὀρθοπραξία (orthopraxia) meaning ‘correct practice’.

53
Q

Panentheism

A

A belief system which posits that the divine – whether as a single God, number of gods, or other form of “cosmic animating force”[1] – interpenetrates every part of the universe and extends, timelessly (and, presumably, spacelessly) beyond it.

54
Q

Pantheism

A

A belief that the universe (or nature as the totality of everything) is identical with divinity, or that everything composes an all-encompassing, immanent God.

55
Q

Philosophy, theology

A

A study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

56
Q

Polytheism

A

The worship of or belief in multiple deities usually assembled into a pantheon of gods and goddesses, along with their own religions and rituals.

57
Q

Reductionism

A

The theory that every complex phenomenon, especially in biology or psychology, can be explained by analyzing the simplest, most basic physical mechanisms that are in operation during the phenomenon.

58
Q

Reincarnation, rebirth

A

The religious or philosophical concept that the soul or spirit, after biological death, can begin a new life in a new body. This doctrine is a central tenet of the Indian religions

58
Q

Religious projection

A

a

59
Q

Religion

A

A set of beliefs concerning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, especially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and often containing a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs.

61
Q

Religiosity

A

A comprehensive sociological term used to refer to the numerous aspects of religious activity, dedication, and belief (religious doctrine)

62
Q

Resurrection

A

Dead people being brought back to life

63
Q

Sacred texts, scriptures, holy writ

A

a

64
Q

Skepticism, pseudo-skeptic

A

The process of applying reason and critical thinking to determine validity. It’s the process of finding a supported conclusion, not the justification of a preconceived conclusion. It’s thus inaccurate to say “Skeptics don’t believe in ghosts.” Some do.

65
Q

Schism

A

A division between people, particularly belonging to an organization

66
Q

Scientism

A

A belief in the universal applicability of the scientific method and approach, and the view that empirical science constitutes the most authoritative worldview or most valuable part of human learning to the exclusion of other viewpoints

67
Q

Shamanism

A

A practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to encounter and interact with the spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world

68
Q

Soul

A

The spiritual or immaterial part of a human being or animal, regarded as immortal

69
Q

Spirituality

A

A process of personal transformation, either in accordance with traditional religious ideals, or, increasingly, oriented on subjective experience and psychological growth independently of any specific religious context.

70
Q

Superposition

A

In geology, the fact that the youngest layer of rock is on the top and the oldest on the bottom

71
Q

Symbol, symbolism

A

a

72
Q

Syncretism

A

The reconciliation or fusion of differing systems of belief.” This is most evident in the areas of philosophy and religion, and usually results in a new teaching or belief system. Obviously, this cannot be reconciled to biblical Christianity.

73
Q

Theism

A

The belief that God or gods exist

74
Q

Theistic Evolution

A

The teaching that God used natural evolutionary processes to bring life to its current level of speciation. Theistic evolution would deny the specific creative act of God in bringing the person of Adam, who would be the first human and the representative of mankind, into existence.

74
Q

Types of religious systems

A

a

75
Q

Totemism

A

A belief in which each human is thought to have a spiritual connection or a kinship with another physical being, such as an animal or plant, often called a “spirit-being” or “totem.” The totem is thought to interact with a given kin group or an individual and to serve as their emblem or symbol.

77
Q

World religions

A

There are twelve classical world religions—those religions most often included in history of world religion surveys and studied in world religions classes: Baha’i, Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism, Judaism, Shinto, Sikhism, Taoism, and Zoroastrianism.

RLG201 Terminology (3 decks)

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