General Terminology

Question 1

What is a genotype?

Answer 1

The genotype is the part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of an organism or individual, which determines one of its characteristics (phenotype).

Question 2

What three factors determine phenotype?

Answer 2

Genotype, epigenetics, non-inherited environmental factors.

Question 3

What is the length of the human genome?

Answer 3

3 billion base pairs

Question 4

Does a bacteria or a mammal have a longer genome?

Answer 4

Smallest bacteria genome has around 100,000 base pairs, mammals have over 2 billion, so mammals.

Question 5

What is the red queen hypothesis?

Answer 5

Organisms must constantly adapt, evolve, and proliferate not merely to gain reproductive advantage, but also simply to survive while pitted against ever-evolving opposing organisms in an ever-changing environment.

The hypothesis intends to explain two different phenomena: the constant extinction rates as observed in the paleontological record caused by co-evolution between competing species,[1] and the advantage of sexual reproduction (as opposed to asexual reproduction) at the level of individuals.

Question 6

What is outcrossing?

Answer 6

Out-crossing or out-breeding is the practice of introducing unrelated genetic material into a breeding line. It increases genetic diversity, thus reducing the probability of an individual being subject to disease or genetic abnormalities.

Question 7

What is the good genes hypothesis?

Answer 7

When a phenotype allows females to gain insight to a genotype