General Surgery: Study Guide 3

Question 1

What is local anesthesia?

Answer 1

anesthesia of a small confined area of the body (Lidocaine, bupivacaine)

Question 2

what is epidural anesthesia?

Answer 2

anesthetic drugs/narcotics infused into epidural space

Question 3

What is regional anesthesia?

Answer 3

blocking of the sensory afferent nerve fibers from a region of the body (radial nerve block)

Question 4

What is general anesthesia?

Answer 4

unconsciousness/amnesia, analgesia, muscle relaxation

Question 5

What dental procedure is most likely to cause endocarditis?

Answer 5

anything with the gums

Question 6

When should you order a CBC before surgery?

Answer 6

age greater than 55, expected blood loss, fatigue, h/o anemia, blood loss, or liver disease

Question 7

When should you order a creatinine before surgery?

Answer 7

age greater than 40, h/o renal disease, DM, OSA, COPD, HTN, diuretics, chemo

Question 8

When should you order coagulation studies before surgery?

Answer 8

h/o VTE, anticoagulation use, liver disease

Question 9

When should you order an ECG before surgery?

Answer 9

males older than 40, females older than 50, h/o HTN, CAD, CHF, DM, arrhythmias, family history

Question 10

When should you order a chest x-ray before surgery?

Answer 10

age greater than 60, underlying cardiopulmonary disease, and recent hospitalization

Question 11

When should you order a UA before surgery?

Answer 11

signs of cystitis, GU, new hardware or implant procedure, and recent hospitalization

Question 12

Most common cause of POD fever day 1

Answer 12

atelectasis

Question 13

Thyroid neoplasms and thyroid nodules are more common in men or women?

Answer 13

women

Question 14

Is papillary adenocarcinoma or follicular cell adenoma of the thyroid more dangerous?

Answer 14

Papillary adenocarcinoma

Question 15

How do you treat follicular adenocarcinoma of the thyroid?

Answer 15

Radioactive iodine ablation with hormone replacement to suppress TSH

Question 16

Single, painless, firm mass with ill-defined margins should make you think of?

Answer 16

Breast cancer

Question 17

What is Boas’ sign?

Answer 17

when pain radiates to the right scapula (cholelithiasis)

Question 18

Sxs of choledocolithiasis?

Answer 18

severe pain and tenderness in right RUQ. Fever, murphy’s sign, guarding, rebound tenderness, jaundice, dark urine or light stools

Question 19

Test of choice for choledocolithiasis?

Answer 19

U/S or MRCP

Question 20

What is Charcot’s triad?

Answer 20

Fever, RUQ pain, jaundice

Question 21

What is Reynold’s pentad?

Answer 21

Fever, RUQ pain, jaundice, confusion, and hypotension

Question 22

Treatment for cholangitis?

Answer 22

ERCP

Question 23

Risk factors for developing diverticulitis?

Answer 23

Diets high in red meat and low in fiber

Question 24

Most common place for diverticulitis to occur? (what part of colon)

Answer 24

sigmoid colon

Question 25

What are some complications of diverticulitis?

Answer 25

abscess, perforation, stricture, obstruction, fistula

Question 26

True or False: the higher the amylase/lipase the more severe the disease (pancreatitis)

Answer 26

False -- does not correlate to severity

Question 27

What is the imaging of choice for pancreatitis?

Answer 27

CT

Question 28

Smoking, HTN, HLD, male, atherosclerosis are all risk factors for?

Answer 28

Probably numerous things but.. Aortic aneurysm

Question 29

At what size does an AAA become "aneurysmal"

Answer 29

greater than 3 cm

Question 30

Most common type of kidney stone?

Answer 30

Calcium

Question 31

What is the imaging of choice for nephrolithiasis?

Answer 31

helical CT

Question 32

what is the number one cause of large bowel obstruction?

Answer 32

neoplasm

Question 33

what is the number one cause of small bowel obstruction?

Answer 33

adhesions from previous surgeries