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Clin Med IV: Operative > General Surgery - lauren > Flashcards

General Surgery - lauren Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscle layers of the abdominal wall

A

transverse abdominus
internal oblique
external oblique

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2
Q

What is the arcuate line

A

middle abdomen. has the rectus abdominus, anterior layer of linea alba, posterior layer of rectus sheath and transverse fascia and falciform lig

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3
Q

what makes up the small bowel

A

Duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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4
Q

What is the ligamen of Treitz

A

duodenojejunal flexure

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the small bowel

A

SMA

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6
Q

What is the anatomy of the colon

A

cecum
ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid
has haustra and taenia coli

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7
Q

what is the blood supply to the ascending colon and 2/3 of the transverse colon

A

SMA:
ileocolic, right colic, middle colic artery

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8
Q

What is the blood supply to 1/3 transvers, descending, sigmoid and upper rectum

A

IMA:
left colic, sigmoid artery and superior rectal artery

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9
Q

What is the marginal artery

A

runs along that colon margin providing collateral flow

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10
Q

what is the blood supply to the rectum

A

branches of IMA and internal iliac:
superior, middle and inferior rectal artery

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11
Q

What is the venous drainage from the colon and rectum

A

proximal and middle colon: Iliac vein to IVC
distal colon and rectum: IVC, to splenic vein to portal vein

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12
Q

what is the most common GI Carcinoma

A

Colorectal cancer - adenocarcinoma is the m/c type

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13
Q

what are risk factors for GI carcinomas

A

Smoking
diet (red meats, low fiber, high fat)
fhx/genetics
IBD

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14
Q

what are colonoscopy recommendations

A

avg age 45
+fhx at age 40 or 10 years before family memeber was dx

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15
Q

what are the means by which cancer spreads

A

direct extension
hematogenous
lymphogenous
transperitoneal
intraluminal

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16
Q

What is the most common site of distal metastasis from colorectal cancer

A

Liver
#2 is Lung

17
Q

How is colorectal cancer staged

A

TNM
Tumor
Node
Mets

18
Q

What is the most common site affected by diverticulitis

A

Sigmoid colon

19
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of diverticulitis

A

LLQ pain, fever, increased WBC. often precipitated by constipation

20
Q

how is diverticulitis dx

A

clinical and CT

21
Q

What is the recommendation after an acute bout of diverticulitis

A

colonoscopy 4-6 weeks s/p resolution of acute diverticulitis

22
Q

What are the two inflammatory bowel diseases

A

Crohns and UC

23
Q

What is the presentation of Crohns disease

A

mouth to anus, full thickness involvement, skip lesions, cobblestoning, abdominal pain, diarrhea and perianal disease

24
Q

What is the presentation of UC

A

bloody diarrhea is the hallmark
only affects colon

25
Q

What is the purpose of the gallbladder

A

stores bile that is made in the liver
bile helps to emulsify fats

26
Q

What stimulates the gallbladder to empty

A

cholecystokinin from duodenal mucosal cells stimulated by fat, protein, amino acids and HCl.

27
Q

What is Cholelithiasis

A

GB stones

28
Q

What is symptomatic cholelithiasis

A

symptoms associated with stones
4F’s: fat, forty, female, fertile, flatulant

29
Q

what is choledocholithiasis

A

Stone stuck in the common bile duct

30
Q

what is cholecystitis

A

inflammation of GB

31
Q

what is cholangitis

A

infection of biliary tract

32
Q

what is biliary colic

A

pain consistent with GB origin

33
Q

What is Mirrizi syndrome

A

can mimic choledocholithiaisis
compression of CHD by stone in the GB - inflammation from the GB

34
Q

what is a Ileus

A

abnormal intestinal motility caused by insult to the bowel
tx: conservative, NGT if needed

35
Q

What is a volvulus

A

twisting of the bowel on itself. may cause obstruction and vascular compromise

36
Q

where to perirectal/perianal abscesses arise from

A

crypt of Morgagni

37
Q

what are the 5 W’s of post of pever

A

Wind
wound
Water
Walking
wonderdrug

Clin Med IV: Operative (6 decks)

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