General Surgery - lauren Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the muscle layers of the abdominal wall
transverse abdominus
internal oblique
external oblique
What is the arcuate line
middle abdomen. has the rectus abdominus, anterior layer of linea alba, posterior layer of rectus sheath and transverse fascia and falciform lig
what makes up the small bowel
Duodenum
jejunum
ileum
What is the ligamen of Treitz
duodenojejunal flexure
What is the blood supply to the small bowel
SMA
What is the anatomy of the colon
cecum
ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid
has haustra and taenia coli
what is the blood supply to the ascending colon and 2/3 of the transverse colon
SMA:
ileocolic, right colic, middle colic artery
What is the blood supply to 1/3 transvers, descending, sigmoid and upper rectum
IMA:
left colic, sigmoid artery and superior rectal artery
What is the marginal artery
runs along that colon margin providing collateral flow
what is the blood supply to the rectum
branches of IMA and internal iliac:
superior, middle and inferior rectal artery
What is the venous drainage from the colon and rectum
proximal and middle colon: Iliac vein to IVC
distal colon and rectum: IVC, to splenic vein to portal vein
what is the most common GI Carcinoma
Colorectal cancer - adenocarcinoma is the m/c type
what are risk factors for GI carcinomas
Smoking
diet (red meats, low fiber, high fat)
fhx/genetics
IBD
what are colonoscopy recommendations
avg age 45
+fhx at age 40 or 10 years before family memeber was dx
what are the means by which cancer spreads
direct extension
hematogenous
lymphogenous
transperitoneal
intraluminal
What is the most common site of distal metastasis from colorectal cancer
Liver
#2 is Lung
How is colorectal cancer staged
TNM
Tumor
Node
Mets
What is the most common site affected by diverticulitis
Sigmoid colon
What are the signs/symptoms of diverticulitis
LLQ pain, fever, increased WBC. often precipitated by constipation
how is diverticulitis dx
clinical and CT
What is the recommendation after an acute bout of diverticulitis
colonoscopy 4-6 weeks s/p resolution of acute diverticulitis
What are the two inflammatory bowel diseases
Crohns and UC
What is the presentation of Crohns disease
mouth to anus, full thickness involvement, skip lesions, cobblestoning, abdominal pain, diarrhea and perianal disease
What is the presentation of UC
bloody diarrhea is the hallmark
only affects colon
