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General Surgery ELOOPS > General Surgery Instruments > Flashcards

General Surgery Instruments Flashcards

1
Q

What are two contraindications for Sengstaken-Blakemore tube?

A
  1. Esophageal strictures
  2. Recent esophageal or gastric surgery
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2
Q

What are complications of Sengstaken-Blakemore tube?

A
  1. Airway obstruction
  2. Esophageal rupture
  3. Aspiration pneumonitis
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3
Q

What is the indication of SB Tube?

A

In unstable patients with gastric/esophageal variceal hemorrhage when medical therapy with endoscopic hemostasis and vasoactive agents have failed

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4
Q

How to insert SB tube?

A
  1. Intubate patient
  2. Make sure SB tube has no air leaks
  3. Inflate gastric balloon
  4. X-ray patient to make sure gastric balloon is in the right place
  5. If bleeding doesn’t stop, inflate the esophagealballoon
  6. Don’t leave the esophageal balloon for more than 6 hours – risk of necrosis
  7. Admit patient to the ICU [Because there is risk of esophageal or gastric ruptures]
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5
Q

What are the indications of NG tube?

A
  1. Decompression of the stomach (stomach obstruction, stomach perforation, SBO)
  2. Monitoring upper GI hemorrhage
  3. Administration of medication and feedings to those unable to swallow
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6
Q

What are contraindications of NG tube?

A
  1. Facial fractures (midface)
  2. Basilar skull fractures
  3. Esophageal strictures
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7
Q

What are complications of NG tubes?

A
  1. Epistaxis
  2. Sinusitis
  3. Accidental injury to nearby organs (esophageal perforation, pulmonary injury)
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8
Q

What are signs of basal skull fracture?

A
  1. Raccoon eyes
  2. CSF rhinorrhea
  3. CSF otorrhea
  4. Battle sign
  5. Hematotympanum
  6. Bump
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9
Q

What are indications for Central Venous Catheter?

A
  1. Hemodynamic monitoring (central venous pressure monitoring)
  2. Emergency venous access if peripheral venous access couldn’t be obtained
  3. For transfusing certain medications that are caustic to peripheral veins (chemotherapy, TPN)
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10
Q

What are contraindications of Central Venous Catheter?

A
  1. Coagulopathies or anticoagulant medications
  2. Infection over the placement site
  3. Vascular injury near the insertion site
  4. Morbid obesity
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11
Q

What are complications of Central Venous Catheter?

A
  1. Accidental puncture of arteries, leading to bleeding or hematoma formation
  2. Injury to the lung, possibly leading to pneumothorax
  3. Infection and sepsis
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12
Q

How do you treat pneumothorax?

A
  1. Decompress the chest by placing a large bore catheter in 2nd intercostal space, in the midclavicular line
  2. Chest tube is placed in the 4th/5th intercostal space to prevent air accumulation in the pleura
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13
Q

What is an indication of PEG tube?

A

Administering feeds/meds to patients with swallowing disorders or those who can’t currently swallow (ICU, comatose patients)

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14
Q

What are contraindications to PEG tubes?

A
  1. Coagulopathies
  2. Abdominal wall infection at placement site
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15
Q

What are complications of PEG tubes?

A
  1. Local infection at the insertion site
  2. Pneumoperitoneum
  3. Accidental insertion into nearby organs like the colon
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16
Q

What are the indications of Chest tube?

A
  1. Pneumothorax, Hemothorax, Empyema
  2. Post surgical drainage of fluids (cardiac and chest surgeries)
17
Q

What are contraindications of Chest tube?

A
  1. Coagulopathies/ on anticoagulant meds
  2. Skin infection over the chest tube insertion site
18
Q

What are complications of Chest tube?

A
  1. Damage to vital organs (lung, heart, liver, spleen)
  2. Damage to arteries or nerves
  3. Infection, mainly pneumonia
19
Q

What are complications of UWSD?

A
  1. Drain failure: clogging of drain by a blood clot, accidental disconnection of the drain, air leaks
  2. Air embolism formation
  3. Bacteremia
  4. Sepsis
20
Q

Aim of Incentive Spirometer

A

Patients with a lung illness/injury to take full and deep breaths, this helps in healing the lungs by keeping them active and free of fluid

21
Q

What are the indications of Incentive Spirometer?

A
  1. Prevention of atelectasis and other respiratory complications
  2. After certain major surgeries (abdominal, thoracic)
  3. In people with COPD after surgery
  4. Treatment of atelectasis
22
Q

What are contraindications of Incentive Spirometer?

A

Very young or very confused patients

Might misuse the device because they can’t properly follow instructions

23
Q

What are complications of Incentive Spirometer?

A
  1. Hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis
  2. Fatigue and discomfort
24
Q

What are indications of IPC?

A
  1. DVT prophylaxis after long surgeries and surgeries that require bedrest
  2. Prevention of lymphedema after certain surgeries
25
Q

What are the contraindications of IPC?

A
  1. Acute skin infections in insertion site (arms or legs)
  2. Unhealed fractures
  3. Congestive heart failure
26
Q

What are the complications of IPC?

A
  1. Skin irritation
  2. Injury to soft tissues and nerves
  3. Discomfort and pain
27
Q

What is the indication of Closed Suction Drain

A

Prevention and elimination of fluid collection (blood, pus, etc.) in wounds with high complication rates

28
Q

Contraindications of Closed Suction Drain

A
  1. Infection around the wound
  2. Fragile surrounding skin (from radiation therapy, advanced age)
29
Q

Complications of Closed Suction Drain

A
  1. Bacterial infections and sepsis
  2. Pain and discomfort
  3. Drain failure (blockage, leakage)
30
Q

Open vs Closed Drain System

A
  • Open: does not use suction, higher risk of causing infection
  • Closed: uses suction, lower risk of causing infection
31
Q

What is an example of open drain system?

A

Penrose drain

32
Q

What are examples of closed drain system?

A
  1. Hemovac drain
  2. PJ drain
33
Q

What is a cervical neck collar?

A

A device prevents head and neck movement in order to immobilize an unstable cervical spine

34
Q

Indications of Cervical Neck Collar

A

Suspected or confirmed cervical spine injuries

35
Q

Contraindication of Cervical Neck Collar

A
  1. Penetrating neck injuries
  2. Massive soft tissue swelling in the neck
36
Q

Complications of Cervical Neck Collar

A
  1. Skin damage and development of pressure ulcers (e.g., in the occiput, chin)
  2. Increased intracranial pressure
  3. Injury to nearby nerves like the marginal mandibular nerve
37
Q

Indications of Endotracheal Tube

A
  1. Provides ventilation during general anesthesia for surgery
  2. Patients who can’t protect their own airway (unconscious, ICU patients)
38
Q

Contraindications of Endotracheal Tube

A
  1. Severe airway trauma
  2. Severe airway obstruction
39
Q

Complications of Endotracheal Tube

A
  1. Trauma to airway structures
  2. Accidental intubation of the esophagus

General Surgery ELOOPS (4 decks)

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