General stuff

Question 1

Hazard -

Answer 1

Perceived natural threat that has the potential to threaten life and property.

Question 2

Disaster -

Answer 2

A series of disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material of environmental and economic loss.

Question 3

The main earthquake zones are found where and what %?

Answer 3

70% of earthquakes are found in the ring of fire in the Pacific ocean.

Question 4

The violence of of a volcanic eruption is determined by?

Answer 4

The amount of dissolved gas in the magma and how easily that gas can escape.

Question 5

What percentage of the 500 active volcanoes erupt each year?

Answer 5

10%

Question 6

Divergent plate boundaries context -

Answer 6

Two plate boundaries move away from each other (diverge away).

Question 7

What is formed when two continental plates pull away from each other?

Answer 7

Rift valleys such as one in Africa.

Question 8

When two oceanic plates move away pull away what is formed?

Answer 8

Sub-marine volcanoes (shield volcanoes)

Question 9

Do earthquakes occur when divergent plates move away?

Answer 9

Yes because friction occurs

Question 10

Convergent plate context -

Answer 10

When two plates move towards each other

Question 11

When two oceanic plates move together which one subducts?

Answer 11

The faster moving one

Question 12

When an oceanic and continental plate move together which one subducts?

Answer 12

Denser one which is oceanic

Question 13

If two continental plates move together what is formed?

Answer 13

Fold mountains

Question 14

Plate boundaries that move towards each other generate some of the most damaging earthquakes for example Japan 2011 earthquake and tsunami that resulted from a convergent plate boundary -

Answer 14

A strain builds up over time in the subduction zone. Causes friction.

Question 15

Conservative context -

Answer 15

When two plates slide past each other, results in shallow earthquakes being formed.

Question 16

Hotspot formation are formed in?

Answer 16

The middle of a plate instead of a plate boundary. Due to the inner core being 6000 degrees

Question 17

Hotspot volcanoes activity -

Answer 17

Due to it being active, its explosions cause it to grow into an island arc, the are generally less explosive due to they occurring in the subduction zone.

Question 18

Secondary hazards of earthquakes are?

Answer 18

Liquefaction and landslides

Question 19

Liquefaction (E - secondary impacts) -

Answer 19

Causes buildings to tilt collapse in the most series events, of up to 60 degrees can be recorded.

Question 20

Landslides (E - secondary impacts) -

Answer 20

Landsides occur when slopes weaken and fail, landslides can travel several miles from their origin growing in size and collecting trees, boulders cars and other materials, 70% of all earthquake deaths are caused by landslides. Kashmir earthquakes 1/3 of deaths were due to landslides.

Question 21

Primary impacts of volcanoes - (PF)

Answer 21

Formed by frothing of molten magma in the vent of the volcano, the bubbles explode explosively to eject hot gasses, these ejected clouds can be up to 1000 degrees and cannot be outrun.

Question 22

Secondary impacts of Volcanoes -(L)

Answer 22

Lahars as mudflows usually composed of fine sand and silt. Hazard depends on the steepness of the slope the volume of material too, can be associated with heavy rainfall.

Question 23

Primary impacts of volcanoes - (T)

Answer 23

Tephra it will eject some material as it erupts such as rock fragments it can vary in size from large pieces, this can affects air travel and can cause building roofs to collapse.

Question 24

Secondary impacts of Volcanoes - (J)

Answer 24

Jokulhapus (glacial outburst of floods) Hazard to people and widespread landform leading to erosion and deposition of material (use glacial facts).

Question 25

Tectonic hazard case studies can be?

Answer 25

China, Haiti and Japan.

Question 26

When did Haiti’s earthquake occur?

Answer 26

12th January 2010

Question 27

When did China’s earthquake occur?

Answer 27

12th May 2008

Question 28

When did Japan’s earthquake occur?

Answer 28

11 March 2011

Question 29

What was the magnitude of Haiti’s earthquake?

Answer 29

7

Question 30

What was the magnitude of Japan’s earthquake?

Answer 30

9 followed by an tsunami

Question 31

What was China’s earthquake magnitude?

Answer 31

7.9

Question 32

Government estimated death toll for Haiti’s earthquake was?

Answer 32

230,000 and 300,000

Question 33

How many were displaced from their homes in Haiti?

Answer 33

1.5 million

Question 34

What was the death toll and missing people in Japan’s earthquake?

Answer 34

20,000

Question 35

What percentage of Japan’s buildings are earthquake proof?

Answer 35

75%

Question 36

What is the ranking of Japan on resilience of impacts from tectonic activities?

Answer 36

133/190 meaning it has a good deal to outstand tectonic activities.

Question 37

How much were the costs to cover the damage of Haiti’s earthquake?

Answer 37

Cost was worth at the time 120% total of Haiti’s GDP.

Question 38

Japan has an educated demographic population which can explain the death toll areas like … are seen to have a much greater impact?

Answer 38

Myanmar

Question 39

The use of models in the context of tectonic activities -

Answer 39

Pressure and release model, Parks model, the swiss cheese model.