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Zoology 242 > General Sensory info > Flashcards

General Sensory info Flashcards

1
Q

How are paramecium sensitive to touch and temperature?

A

Mechanosensitive VC Ca2+ channels.

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2
Q

Paramecia perform chemotaxis, how?

A
  • Hyperpolarization - attractant
  • Depolarization - repellant
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3
Q

What are the general sensory principles?

A
  • Detection of external stimulus
    • sensory cells are transducers
  • Signal sent to the NS
  • (Reception, transduction, transmission, perception)
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4
Q

Descrive sensory receptor cells.

A
  • Cells specialized for detecting a signal
    • found in a complex sense organ (ex. eyes, nose)
    • ​or isolated cells embedded in nonsensory cells (ex. touch sensitive cells in skin)
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5
Q

A generator potential occurs in a ________ and a receptor potential occurs in a _________.

A

Sensory neuron, epithelial sensory receptor cell.

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6
Q

Describe the characteristics of a sensory receptor protein.

A
  • detect incoming signals
  • specialized proteins
  • conformation change
    • ionotropic/metabotropic
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7
Q

What are the 6 categories of physciological sensory receptors?

A
  • chemoreceptors
  • mechano
  • photo
  • thermo
  • electro
  • magneto
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8
Q

What is the difference between a adequate and polymodal stimulus?

A
  • adequate - most receptors have a preferred stimulus modality (ex. photoreceptors and light)
  • polymodal - receptors respond to a number of stimuli (ex. nociceptors or ampullae of lorenzini)
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9
Q

What are the 4 different kinds of information encoded in a sensory stimulus?

A
  1. modality
  2. location
  3. intensity
  4. density
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10
Q

What is the labelled line hypothesis?

A

(Modality) >> There is a discrete pathway from the sensory cell to the integrating area. Ex. can stimulate “hearing” in deaf people by stimulating the auditory nerve at different frequencies.

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11
Q

The receptive field (stimulus location) is determined by…

A
  • field size
  • receptor density
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12
Q

How does lateral inhibition improve acuity?

A
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13
Q

Dynamic range of a neuron is inversley proportional to…

A

the ability to discriminate

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14
Q

Neurons that encode intensity logarithmically are less likely to…

A

respond to smaller changes in stimulation.

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15
Q

Where does the integration of thermal information happen?

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

Mammals have three (and possibly another) types of peripheral sensory receptors, what are they?

A
  1. warm
  2. cold
  3. painfully hot
  4. painfully cold
18
Q

Define warm receptors.

A
  • sensitive starting at +30oC in mammals
  • increasing frequency as temperature increases
19
Q

Define cold receptors.

A
  • ​sensitive to small changes in T (0.5oC)
  • respond to T change rather than absolute value
20
Q

When do nocireceptors fire in response to painful heat?

A

>45oC, increasing frecuency as temperature and pain increases

21
Q

What are TRPs?

A
  • Transient receptor potential - proteins that allow thermal receptors to detect temperature.
  • non-selectively permeable to cations
  • regulate membrane depolarization
  • large family found in vertebrates and invertabtrates
  • commonly invovled in sense reception
22
Q

What are pit organs (snakes)?

A

Able to sense IR heat, PO floor is lined wiht heat-sensitive neurons. IR warms the floor and activates TrpA channels

23
Q

How do magnetobacteria align with magnetic fields?

A

Megnetite

24
Q

What is magneto-perception?

A

Sensitivity to magnetic fields

25
Q

What is the free radical theory of magnetosensitivity?

A

Madnetic fields influence the free-radical state of molecules.

26
Q

What is cryptochrome and what is the evidence that it is involved in magneto-perception?

A
  • a flavoprotein (sensitive to blue light)
  • role in circadion rhythms
  • in arabidopsos, is cryp is present and in a magnetic field there was delayed flowering
  • cryp is found in the retina of birds

Zoology 242 (13 decks)

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