General Science - ECOLOGY Flashcards
A feeding relationship
that proceeds from algae to
fish, then to a fisherman,
then to a shark is?
a. food chain
b. food web
c. parasitism
d. mutualism
a. food chain
Small fish when travelling looks
for protection to whales from their
predators such as sharks and other
big fish. What relationship does
this show?
a. commensalism
b. parasitism
c. competition
d. mutualism
a. commensalism
Commensalism - one benefits from the other without harming the latter.
Parasitism - one benefits at the expense of the latter.
Competition - lack of resources
Mutualism - the two different species benefit from each other
Competition for resources
between two different
species is called:
a. predation
b. interspecific competition
c. intraspecific competition
d. competitive exclusion
b. INTERspecific competition
Air pollution becomes a serious
problem when weather conditions
do not allow the polluted air to be
blown away. This happens when
warm air exists above the layer of
cool air next to the ground.
a. temperature inversion
b. air pollutants
c. smog
d. greenhouse effect
a. temperature inversion
temperature inversion - cold air, warm (inversion layer), cooler air (results in trapped smog)
greenhouse effect - trapped heat
Aerosols are ecologically
harmful because:
a. they act as irritants to the
human respiratory tract
b. they are petroleum-based
products
c. they destroy the ozone layer
d. of all the reasons given above
d. of all the reasons given above
Aerosols are ECOLOGICALLY and GENERALLY harmful.
Which of the following
statements is true about chemical
weathering?
a. the result is the same substance
as the original rock
b. the result is much smaller
fragment than the original rock
c. the result is different from the
composition of the original
rock
d. all of the above
c. the result is different from the
composition of the original
rock
chemical change - composition change
physical change - form change
Which of the following
rocks you might find in a
fossil?
a. granite
b. obsidian
c. shale
d. marble
c. shale
in sedimentary rocks like shale, limestone, and sandstone
In the Mohs’ scale of
hardness, talc is the softest
while the hardest mineral is:
a. topaz
b. corundum
c. quartz
d. diamond
d. diamond
1 - talc ……. 10 - diamond
Which of the following
does not describe extrusive
igneous rock formation?
a. fine-grained
b. glassy
c. coarse-grained
d. lava formed
c. coarse-grained
EXTRUSIVE igneous - exits the volcano and cools of quickly, becomes fine-grained and glassy
INTRUSIVE igneous - cools within the crust, large crystals, coarse grained
The first step in the
identification of a mineral is to
observe its appearance and visible
structure. Below are some physical
characteristics of minerals except
for:
a. luster
b. crystal form
c. specific gravity
d. magnetism
d. magnetism
not usually checked
Volcanism is the movement
of the earth’s magma while the
movement of the earth’s solid
part is called:
a. fault
b. earthquake
c. diastrophism
d. tsunami
c. diastrophism
earthquake - the action itself, sudden movements
The Copernican theory states
that:
a. the earth is the center of the
solar system
b. the moon is the center of the
solar system
c. the sun is the center of the
solar system
d. none of the above
c. the sun is the center of the
solar system
Ptolemy - earth is the center of the solar system
Copernicus - sun is the center of the solar system
The theory that proposes that
there is originally only one large
continent in the earth then is
called:
a. expansion theory
b. continental drift theory
c. contraction theory
d. Asiana theory
b. continental drift theory
Tectonic plates can be
described as
a. corresponding roughly to
continents
b. having been made of the
lightest materials on earth
c. moving across the earth’s
surface, causing the
surface features of the
planets to change
d. having been made from
metamorphic rocks
c. moving across the earth’s
surface, causing the
surface features of the
planets to change
In 1909, a geophysicist
discovered that 6 miles (9 km)
below the ocean floor, earthquake
waves suddenly increases in
velocity as they enter the mantle.
This rock layer forming a boundary
between the earth’s crust and
mantle is referred to as the
a. Mohorovicic discontinuity
b. outer core
c. circum-Pacific belt
d. trans-Asiatic region
a. Mohorovicic discontinuity
REMEMBER! the discon is a boundary, not a whole
The type of cloud that is
whitish sheet or veil that gives
the sky its milky appearance.
They are also responsible for
producing halo around the sun.
a. nimbus
b. altocumulus
c. cirrostratus
d. stratocumulus
c. cirrostratus
If the moon were
positioned twice as far from
the Earth as it is now, the
gravitational attraction
would be
a. twice as great
b. four times as great
c. one-fourth as great
d. one-half as great
c. one-fourth as great
gravitational attraction is getting lesser
Which of the following
does not characterize a lowpressure system?
a. Air cools as it rises.
b. Water vapor condenses
to form clouds.
c. A fine weather is
forecast.
d. Hurricanes may be
predicted.
c. a fine weather is broadcast
Which statement is true about
black holes?
a. A black hole is the ultimate
triumph of gravity.
b. Another name for black hole is
“pulsar.”
c. Small stars form black holes
and large stars form quasars.
d. Black holes release gamma rays
when they are consumed by
another star.
a. A black hole is the ultimate
triumph of gravity.
pulsar - highly magnetized rotating neutron stars
quasars - extremely luminous active galactic nucleus
What is the name of the
planet whose blue color is
not due to water?
a. Neptune
b. Uranus
c. Saturn
d. Pluto
a. Neptune
It is due to the abundance of methane in its atmosphere.
The gas envelope of the
earth is
a. hydrosphere
b. atmosphere
c. lithosphere
d. ozonosphere
a. atmosphere
ozonosphere = ozone layer
Which of the following
filters off the harmful
ultraviolet rays coming from
the sun?
a. carbon dioxide
b. water vapor
c. ozone
d. carbon monoxide
c. ozone
The phenomenon land
breeze is best explained by
a. radiation
b. conduction
c. diffusion
d. convection
d. convection
convection - movement of liquid or gas
The level below of which
the surface rocks are
saturated with water.
a. well
b. water table
c. flood
d. geyser
b. water table
Basins that have become partly
or completely filled with fresh and
decayed vegetation often refer to
the drying up stage of a water
system.
a. swamp
b. waterfalls
c. lake
d. river
a. swamp
Matter is anything
a. which is visible
b. which has mass and shape
c. which has mass and
volume
d. which has weight and is
visible
c. which has mass and volume
All of the following can be
used to establish the identity of
a material except
a. mass
b. boiling point
c. solubility
d. density
a. mass
The statements below show
different properties of matter.
Which shows the physical
property of matter?
a. lead, melts and fuses with the
metal being soldered when
heated with a soldering gun
b. carbon dioxide when bubbled
into limewater produces a
white solid
c. table sugar produces a black
substance on burning
d. vinegar forms bubble when
added to seashells
a. lead, melts and fuses with the
metal being soldered when
heated with a soldering gun
physical change - change in form, no chemical change
Which of the following does
not involve physical change?
a. Water droplets form on
the outside surface of a
glass containing ice.
b. Mothballs in drawers
eventually disappear.
c. Magnesium ribbon turns
to ashes when heated in
direct flame.
d. Clothes dry under the sun.
c. Magnesium ribbon turns
to ashes when heated in
direct flame.
can ashes return to ribbon? no
Which of the following is an
example of chemical change?
a. breaking of glass
b. burning of wood
c. vaporization of
naphthalene balls
d. dissolution of sugar in
water
b. burning of wood
All of the following are
examples of chemical change
except
a. burning of fuel
b. boiling of water, thus,
producing bubbles
c. plants producing sugar in
photosynthesis
d. acid reacting with a base
to form salt and water
b. boiling of water, thus,
producing bubbles
The process which involves
the escape of high kinetic
energy molecules from the
surface of a liquid?
a. condensation
b. sublimation
c. deposition
d. evaporation
d. evaporation
example: boiling water has steam
A process which involves a
change of a solid to gas without
passing the liquid phase.
a. condensation
b. sublimation
c. evaporation
d. liquefaction
b. sublimation
The degree at which rocks
and soil allow water to
penetrate and pass through
them is called:
a. hydration
b. capillarity
c. permeability
d. carbonation
c. permeability
capillarity - rising or falling of liquid without force
It is the movement of water
molecules across a differentially
permeable membrane in
response to a concentration
gradient.
a. osmosis
b. diffusion
c. Brownian movement
d. turgor pressure
a. osmosis
key term - concentration gradient
Silver is used in certain
electrical components because
it can easily be drawn out into
wires. What property of silver is
being described?
a. hardness
b. malleability
c. conductivity
d. ductility
d. ductility
ductility - wires
An element that is lustrous,
malleable, ductile, and a good
conductor of heat and
electricity.
a. metal
b. nonmetal
c. metalloid
d. oxide
a. metal
Gas pollutants may be
present in places far from where
they are released. Which of the
following properties of gases
account for this observation?
a. compressibility
b. diffusibility
c. expansibility
d. exert pressure
b. diffusibility
diffusibility - diffusing in space
expansibility - action of expansion of a material
Energy can neither be
created nor destroyed; it can
only be changed from one form
to another. This principle is
known as:
a. Law of Conservation of
Energy
b. Theory of Relativity
c. Law of Energy Transportation
d. Law of Thermodynamics
a. Law of Conservation of
Energy
The energy coming from the
sun is the result of
a. changing helium to other
radioactive elements
b. fusion of hydrogen to
form helium
c. burning of hydrogen
d. the expansion and
contraction of the sun
b. fusion of hydrogen to
form helium
fusion - fusing molecules to form a new molecule
fission - splitting of molecules induced by electrons
Air is
a. a solution composed of
different gases
b. a chemical combination of
different elements
c. composed of particles
which are compactly
arranged
d. a solution with mass equal
to zero
a. solution composed of
different gases
Tyndall effect is a
phenomenon which involves
diffusion of light. This is
observable in:
a. compounds
b. colloids
c. solutions
d. suspensions
b. colloids
Which of the following
is an example of lever?
a. pulley
b. nutcracker
c. wheel and axle
d. ramp
b. nutcracker
Solving problems in an
orderly and systematic
approach is called
a. conclusion
b. hypothesis
c. experimentation
d. scientific method
d. scientific method
You were asked by your
teacher to measure the volume
of a rock, what method will you
use?
a. buoyancy
b. weight displacement
c. immiscibility
d. water displacement
d. water displacement
Which of the following is a
quantitative observation?
a. The ice is cold.
b. Manila is more polluted
than Cebu.
c. Michael is heavier than
Eddie by 35 lbs.
d. Flies produce more
offspring in a humid
environment.
c. Michael is heavier than
Eddie by 35 lbs.
quantitative - numbers
Why does your arm feel cold
when you apply alcohol on it?
a. because alcohol is cold
b. because alcohol combines
easily with air
c. because alcohol
stimulates the production
of sweat which has a
cooling effect
d. because alcohol
evaporates fast
d. because alcohol
evaporates fast
A covered bottle filled with
liquid water usually break when
placed in the freezer overnight.
What conclusion can you make
regarding water and ice?
a. The structure of water is
more expanded than ice.
b. The structure of water is
less expanded than ice.
c. Liquid water is denser than
ice.
d. Liquid water is less dense
than ice.
b. The structure of water is
less expanded than ice.
ice will expand therefore breaking the bottle
Farmers follow certain
practices to make a good
harvest. Which practice will
make the soil more fertile?
a. tilling of the soil
b. adding the right amount
of water to the soil
c. planting beans and
peanuts
d. allowing the soil to rest
after a planting season
a. tilling of the soil
Tilling is mixing organic matter into soil, control weeds, break up crusted soil, etc.
Why do clothes dry faster
when humidity is low?
a. There is more space in the
air for water particles.
b. The sun is hotter when
humidity is low.
c. There are more air particles
that can absorb water from
the wet clothes.
d. All of the above.
a. There is more space in the
air for water particles.
When diving into water from
a height, the speed of fall
decreases upon hitting the
water because:
a. Water is dense.
b. The mass of the diver is
not large enough.
c. Water exerts an upward
force.
d. Both A and C
c. Water exerts an upward
force.
During the day, a body of water is
cooler than the ground. At night, the
same body of water is warmer than
the ground. What can be concluded
from this?
a. Water absorbs and loses heat faster
than the ground.
b. Water absorbs and loses heat
slower than the ground.
c. Water absorbs heat faster but loses
heat slower than the ground.
d. Water loses heat faster but absorbs
heat slower than the ground.
b. Water absorbs and loses heat
slower than the ground.
(land breeze and sea breeze)
When we weigh bodies, we
a. measure the total body
mass of the body
b. test the gravitational
force that draws them
towards the earth
c. convert mass into energy
d. convert energy into mass
b. test the gravitational
force that draws them
towards the earth
Which of the following can
be polarized?
a. light
b. gamma
c. sound
d. All of the above.
a. light
An astronaut with a mass of
60 kg on Earth was sent to Mars
which has a gravitational pull
less than that of the Earth. What
will be the astronaut’s mass on
Mars?
a. more than 60 kg
b. exactly 60 kg
c. less than 60 kg
d. cannot be determined
b. exactly 60 kg
mass cannot be changed, weight can change
