General Science - ECOLOGY Flashcards by JC Antonio

A feeding relationship
that proceeds from algae to
fish, then to a fisherman,
then to a shark is?

a. food chain
b. food web
c. parasitism
d. mutualism

a. food chain

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Small fish when travelling looks
for protection to whales from their
predators such as sharks and other
big fish. What relationship does
this show?

a. commensalism
b. parasitism
c. competition
d. mutualism

a. commensalism

Commensalism - one benefits from the other without harming the latter.

Parasitism - one benefits at the expense of the latter.

Competition - lack of resources

Mutualism - the two different species benefit from each other

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Competition for resources
between two different
species is called:

a. predation
b. interspecific competition
c. intraspecific competition
d. competitive exclusion

b. INTERspecific competition

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Air pollution becomes a serious
problem when weather conditions
do not allow the polluted air to be
blown away. This happens when
warm air exists above the layer of
cool air next to the ground.

a. temperature inversion
b. air pollutants
c. smog
d. greenhouse effect

a. temperature inversion

temperature inversion - cold air, warm (inversion layer), cooler air (results in trapped smog)
greenhouse effect - trapped heat

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Aerosols are ecologically
harmful because:

a. they act as irritants to the
human respiratory tract
b. they are petroleum-based
products
c. they destroy the ozone layer
d. of all the reasons given above

d. of all the reasons given above

Aerosols are ECOLOGICALLY and GENERALLY harmful.

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Which of the following
statements is true about chemical
weathering?

a. the result is the same substance
as the original rock
b. the result is much smaller
fragment than the original rock
c. the result is different from the
composition of the original
rock
d. all of the above

c. the result is different from the
composition of the original
rock

chemical change - composition change
physical change - form change

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Which of the following
rocks you might find in a
fossil?

a. granite
b. obsidian
c. shale
d. marble

c. shale

in sedimentary rocks like shale, limestone, and sandstone

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In the Mohs’ scale of
hardness, talc is the softest
while the hardest mineral is:

a. topaz
b. corundum
c. quartz
d. diamond

d. diamond

1 - talc ……. 10 - diamond

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Which of the following
does not describe extrusive
igneous rock formation?

a. fine-grained
b. glassy
c. coarse-grained
d. lava formed

c. coarse-grained

EXTRUSIVE igneous - exits the volcano and cools of quickly, becomes fine-grained and glassy

INTRUSIVE igneous - cools within the crust, large crystals, coarse grained

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The first step in the
identification of a mineral is to
observe its appearance and visible
structure. Below are some physical
characteristics of minerals except
for:

a. luster
b. crystal form
c. specific gravity
d. magnetism

d. magnetism

not usually checked

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Volcanism is the movement
of the earth’s magma while the
movement of the earth’s solid
part is called:

a. fault
b. earthquake
c. diastrophism
d. tsunami

c. diastrophism

earthquake - the action itself, sudden movements

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The Copernican theory states
that:

a. the earth is the center of the
solar system
b. the moon is the center of the
solar system
c. the sun is the center of the
solar system
d. none of the above

c. the sun is the center of the
solar system

Ptolemy - earth is the center of the solar system
Copernicus - sun is the center of the solar system

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The theory that proposes that
there is originally only one large
continent in the earth then is
called:

a. expansion theory
b. continental drift theory
c. contraction theory
d. Asiana theory

b. continental drift theory

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Tectonic plates can be
described as

a. corresponding roughly to
continents
b. having been made of the
lightest materials on earth
c. moving across the earth’s
surface, causing the
surface features of the
planets to change
d. having been made from
metamorphic rocks

c. moving across the earth’s
surface, causing the
surface features of the
planets to change

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In 1909, a geophysicist
discovered that 6 miles (9 km)
below the ocean floor, earthquake
waves suddenly increases in
velocity as they enter the mantle.
This rock layer forming a boundary
between the earth’s crust and
mantle is referred to as the

a. Mohorovicic discontinuity
b. outer core
c. circum-Pacific belt
d. trans-Asiatic region

a. Mohorovicic discontinuity

REMEMBER! the discon is a boundary, not a whole

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The type of cloud that is
whitish sheet or veil that gives
the sky its milky appearance.
They are also responsible for
producing halo around the sun.

a. nimbus
b. altocumulus
c. cirrostratus
d. stratocumulus

c. cirrostratus

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If the moon were
positioned twice as far from
the Earth as it is now, the
gravitational attraction
would be

a. twice as great
b. four times as great
c. one-fourth as great
d. one-half as great

c. one-fourth as great

gravitational attraction is getting lesser

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Which of the following
does not characterize a lowpressure system?

a. Air cools as it rises.
b. Water vapor condenses
to form clouds.
c. A fine weather is
forecast.
d. Hurricanes may be
predicted.

c. a fine weather is broadcast

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Which statement is true about
black holes?

a. A black hole is the ultimate
triumph of gravity.
b. Another name for black hole is
“pulsar.”
c. Small stars form black holes
and large stars form quasars.
d. Black holes release gamma rays
when they are consumed by
another star.

a. A black hole is the ultimate
triumph of gravity.

pulsar - highly magnetized rotating neutron stars

quasars - extremely luminous active galactic nucleus

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What is the name of the
planet whose blue color is
not due to water?

a. Neptune
b. Uranus
c. Saturn
d. Pluto

a. Neptune

It is due to the abundance of methane in its atmosphere.

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The gas envelope of the
earth is

a. hydrosphere
b. atmosphere
c. lithosphere
d. ozonosphere

a. atmosphere

ozonosphere = ozone layer

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Which of the following
filters off the harmful
ultraviolet rays coming from
the sun?

a. carbon dioxide
b. water vapor
c. ozone
d. carbon monoxide

c. ozone

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The phenomenon land
breeze is best explained by

a. radiation
b. conduction
c. diffusion
d. convection

d. convection

convection - movement of liquid or gas

The level below of which
the surface rocks are
saturated with water.

a. well
b. water table
c. flood
d. geyser

b. water table

Basins that have become partly or completely filled with fresh and decayed vegetation often refer to the drying up stage of a water system. a. swamp b. waterfalls c. lake d. river

a. swamp

Matter is anything a. which is visible b. which has mass and shape c. which has mass and volume d. which has weight and is visible

c. which has mass and volume

All of the following can be used to establish the identity of a material except a. mass b. boiling point c. solubility d. density

a. mass

The statements below show different properties of matter. Which shows the physical property of matter? a. lead, melts and fuses with the metal being soldered when heated with a soldering gun b. carbon dioxide when bubbled into limewater produces a white solid c. table sugar produces a black substance on burning d. vinegar forms bubble when added to seashells

a. lead, melts and fuses with the metal being soldered when heated with a soldering gun physical change - change in form, no chemical change

Which of the following does not involve physical change? a. Water droplets form on the outside surface of a glass containing ice. b. Mothballs in drawers eventually disappear. c. Magnesium ribbon turns to ashes when heated in direct flame. d. Clothes dry under the sun.

c. Magnesium ribbon turns to ashes when heated in direct flame. can ashes return to ribbon? no

Which of the following is an example of chemical change? a. breaking of glass b. burning of wood c. vaporization of naphthalene balls d. dissolution of sugar in water

b. burning of wood

All of the following are examples of chemical change except a. burning of fuel b. boiling of water, thus, producing bubbles c. plants producing sugar in photosynthesis d. acid reacting with a base to form salt and water

b. boiling of water, thus, producing bubbles

The process which involves the escape of high kinetic energy molecules from the surface of a liquid? a. condensation b. sublimation c. deposition d. evaporation

d. evaporation example: boiling water has steam

A process which involves a change of a solid to gas without passing the liquid phase. a. condensation b. sublimation c. evaporation d. liquefaction

b. sublimation

The degree at which rocks and soil allow water to penetrate and pass through them is called: a. hydration b. capillarity c. permeability d. carbonation

c. permeability capillarity - rising or falling of liquid without force

It is the movement of water molecules across a differentially permeable membrane in response to a concentration gradient. a. osmosis b. diffusion c. Brownian movement d. turgor pressure

a. osmosis key term - concentration gradient

Silver is used in certain electrical components because it can easily be drawn out into wires. What property of silver is being described? a. hardness b. malleability c. conductivity d. ductility

d. ductility ductility - wires

An element that is lustrous, malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity. a. metal b. nonmetal c. metalloid d. oxide

a. metal

Gas pollutants may be present in places far from where they are released. Which of the following properties of gases account for this observation? a. compressibility b. diffusibility c. expansibility d. exert pressure

b. diffusibility diffusibility - diffusing in space expansibility - action of expansion of a material

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be changed from one form to another. This principle is known as: a. Law of Conservation of Energy b. Theory of Relativity c. Law of Energy Transportation d. Law of Thermodynamics

a. Law of Conservation of Energy

The energy coming from the sun is the result of a. changing helium to other radioactive elements b. fusion of hydrogen to form helium c. burning of hydrogen d. the expansion and contraction of the sun

b. fusion of hydrogen to form helium fusion - fusing molecules to form a new molecule fission - splitting of molecules induced by electrons

Air is a. a solution composed of different gases b. a chemical combination of different elements c. composed of particles which are compactly arranged d. a solution with mass equal to zero

a. solution composed of different gases

Tyndall effect is a phenomenon which involves diffusion of light. This is observable in: a. compounds b. colloids c. solutions d. suspensions

b. colloids

Which of the following is an example of lever? a. pulley b. nutcracker c. wheel and axle d. ramp

b. nutcracker

Solving problems in an orderly and systematic approach is called a. conclusion b. hypothesis c. experimentation d. scientific method

d. scientific method

You were asked by your teacher to measure the volume of a rock, what method will you use? a. buoyancy b. weight displacement c. immiscibility d. water displacement

d. water displacement

Which of the following is a quantitative observation? a. The ice is cold. b. Manila is more polluted than Cebu. c. Michael is heavier than Eddie by 35 lbs. d. Flies produce more offspring in a humid environment.

c. Michael is heavier than Eddie by 35 lbs. quantitative - numbers

Why does your arm feel cold when you apply alcohol on it? a. because alcohol is cold b. because alcohol combines easily with air c. because alcohol stimulates the production of sweat which has a cooling effect d. because alcohol evaporates fast

d. because alcohol evaporates fast

A covered bottle filled with liquid water usually break when placed in the freezer overnight. What conclusion can you make regarding water and ice? a. The structure of water is more expanded than ice. b. The structure of water is less expanded than ice. c. Liquid water is denser than ice. d. Liquid water is less dense than ice.

b. The structure of water is less expanded than ice. ice will expand therefore breaking the bottle

Farmers follow certain practices to make a good harvest. Which practice will make the soil more fertile? a. tilling of the soil b. adding the right amount of water to the soil c. planting beans and peanuts d. allowing the soil to rest after a planting season

a. tilling of the soil Tilling is mixing organic matter into soil, control weeds, break up crusted soil, etc.

Why do clothes dry faster when humidity is low? a. There is more space in the air for water particles. b. The sun is hotter when humidity is low. c. There are more air particles that can absorb water from the wet clothes. d. All of the above.

a. There is more space in the air for water particles.

When diving into water from a height, the speed of fall decreases upon hitting the water because: a. Water is dense. b. The mass of the diver is not large enough. c. Water exerts an upward force. d. Both A and C

c. Water exerts an upward force.

During the day, a body of water is cooler than the ground. At night, the same body of water is warmer than the ground. What can be concluded from this? a. Water absorbs and loses heat faster than the ground. b. Water absorbs and loses heat slower than the ground. c. Water absorbs heat faster but loses heat slower than the ground. d. Water loses heat faster but absorbs heat slower than the ground.

b. Water absorbs and loses heat slower than the ground. (land breeze and sea breeze)

When we weigh bodies, we a. measure the total body mass of the body b. test the gravitational force that draws them towards the earth c. convert mass into energy d. convert energy into mass

b. test the gravitational force that draws them towards the earth

Which of the following can be polarized? a. light b. gamma c. sound d. All of the above.

a. light

An astronaut with a mass of 60 kg on Earth was sent to Mars which has a gravitational pull less than that of the Earth. What will be the astronaut’s mass on Mars? a. more than 60 kg b. exactly 60 kg c. less than 60 kg d. cannot be determined

b. exactly 60 kg mass cannot be changed, weight can change