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Science > General Science > Flashcards

General Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Stream of high-energy particles sent into space

A

Solar Wind

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2
Q

(Northern Hemisphere)

A

Aurora Borealis

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3
Q

(Southern Hemisphere

A

Aurora Australis

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4
Q

Storms that look like huge arches; may last several days

A

Prominences

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5
Q

More intense than prominences; lasts only about 15 minutes

A

Solar Flares

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6
Q

Cool black storm areas

A

Sunspots

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7
Q

“Dirty snowballs”; heads of ice and rock, tails of dust and gases forced from the head by solar radiation

A

Comets

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8
Q

Chunk of rock or metal smaller than an asteroid

A

Meteoroid

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9
Q

A meteoroid as it burns up in the atmosphere; “Shooting Star”

A

Meteor

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10
Q

A meteoroid that does not completely burn up

A

Meteorite

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11
Q

Strongest tides; When the sun, moon, and earth are in a straight line; Highest and lowest tides

A

Spring Tides

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12
Q

Weakest tides; when the sun, earth, and moon form a right angle; moderate tides

A

Neap Tides

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13
Q

North star; tip of Little Dipper’s “handle”

A

Polaris

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14
Q

Brightest star in the night sky; “Dog Star”

A

Sirius

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15
Q

Big bear; Contains the Big Dipper

A

Ursa Major

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16
Q

Little bear; contains the Little Dipper

A

Ursa Minor

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17
Q

Big dog; contains Sirius

A

Canis Major

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18
Q

Little Dog

A

Canis Minor

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19
Q

The Hunter

A

Orion

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20
Q

Closest star to Earth but is too small to be seen in the night sky

A

Proxima Centauri

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21
Q

Closest star to Earth that is visible in the night sky

A

Alpha Centauri

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22
Q

The winged horse

A

Pegasus

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23
Q

The distance that light travels in one year

A

Light Year

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24
Q

The galaxy where the solar system is

A

Milky Way

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25
Q

The explosion of a big star

A

Supernova

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26
Q

Remains of a supernova explosion with very strong gravity from which nothing can escape

A

Black Hole

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27
Q

From the crust down to the rigid upper mantle

A

Lithosphere

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28
Q

Plates move away from one another, forming “mid-ocean ridges”

A

Divergent

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29
Q

Plates move toward each other

A

Convergent

30
Q

Plates slide past one another, causing “Earthquakes”

A

Transform

31
Q

One of the two oceanic plates is subducted into the mantle, magma rises, forming volcanoes, also creates trenches

A

Oceanic-oceanic

32
Q

The oceanic plate is subducted into the mantle, magma rises, forming mountain ranges usually containing volcanoes

A

Oceanic-continental

33
Q

Neither plate is fully subducted; the plates are forced into one another, forming tall mountains

A

continental-continental

34
Q

he block above the fault has moved downward relative to the block below.

A

Normal Dip-Slip

35
Q

a dip-slip fault in which the upper block, above the fault plane, moves up and over the lower block.

A

Reverse Dip Slip; Thrust Fault

36
Q

a fault on which the two blocks slide past one another.

A

Strike-slip

37
Q

“size” of an earthquake, or energy released; measured using the “Richter scale (1-10)

A

Magnitude

38
Q

Amount of damage; measured using the Mercalli scale (1-12)

A

Intensity

39
Q

An earthquake’s point of origin

A

Focus

40
Q

The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus

A

Epicenter

41
Q

From lava; e.g. granite, basalt

A

Igneous

42
Q

From other rocks that were changed due to intense heat and pressure; e.g. marble, slate

A

Metamorphic

43
Q

From sediments which were eroded to lower places; forms fossils; e.g. sandstone, shale

A

Sedimentary

44
Q

Fossils in Africa and South America
Positions of mountain ranges
Glacial Striations
Tillites - Glacial sediments buried in rock

A

Proof of The Theory of Continental Drift By Alfred Wegener

45
Q

Theory that tectonic plates move; explains continental drift

A

Theory of Plate Tectonics

46
Q

The “supercontinent” that existed during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras; broke up into Laurasia in the north and Gondwanaland in the south during the Mesozoic Era

A

Pangaea

47
Q

Started breaking up into Asia, Europe, and North America during the Cenozoic era

A

Laurasia

48
Q

Started breaking up into Africa, Australia, Antarctica, and South America during the Mesozoic era

A

Gondwanaland

49
Q

Will not run out due to continuous use

A

Renewable Energy Sources

50
Q

In danger of running out

A

Non-Renewable Energy Sources

51
Q

Energy sources that were formed by nature for hundreds of millions of years but which people are exploiting and may run out of in just a few more years

A

Fossil Fuels

52
Q

The heating up of the earth’s surface due to a build-up of greenhouse gases

A

Global Warming

53
Q

Melting of polar caps
Climate change

A

Effects of Global Warming

54
Q

Air pressure

A

Barometer

55
Q

Wind speed

A

Anemometer

56
Q

Humidity

A

Hygrometer

57
Q

Wind direction

A

Wind Vane

58
Q

Amount of rainfall

A

Rain Gauge

59
Q

Clouds become electrically charged, producing lighting and thunder

A

Thunderstorms

60
Q

Up to 63km/hr winds

A

Tropical Depression

61
Q

63-117km/hr winds

A

Tropical Storm

62
Q

Pacific ocean origin; 120-350 km/hr winds

A

Typhoons

63
Q

Atlantic Ocean origin; 120-350 km/hr winds

A

Hurricane

64
Q

Indian ocean origin; 120-350 km/hr winds

A

Cyclone

65
Q

small but about 500 km/hr winds

A

Tornadoes

66
Q

Life forms, weather, densest layer

A

Troposphere

67
Q

Ozone layer, airplanes

A

Stratosphere

68
Q

Coldest, meteors burn up

A

Mesosphere

69
Q

Ionosphere, hottest

A

Thermosphere

70
Q

Man-made satellites

A

Exosphere

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