General Science

Question 1

which type of electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelength?

Answer 1

gamma rays

Question 2

Which of the following is the most likely result from free exchange of alleles between two schools of yellow perch in a large lake?
A. Fertility barriers
B.High rates of deformity
C. Genetic Equilibrium
D.Speciation

Answer 2

C. Genetic equilibrium refers to static allele frequencies in a population over time. A large population and random mating are helpful for maintaining genetic equilibrium.

Question 3

Why does dew form on the ground?

Answer 3

As the temperature drops during the night, the air cannot hold as much water, and the water vapor forms into liquid water on the ground.

Question 4

Which type of radiation is the least dangerous to humans when exposed externally because of its low penetrating power?

Answer 4

Alpha particles have a very low penetrating power. They can be blocked by thin barriers, or even a short distance of air.

Question 5

Do beta particles penetrate skin?

Answer 5

yes, but they can be blocked by thin barriers like plastic or wood

Question 6

Are nuclear energy sources renewable or nonrenewable sources of energy?

Answer 6

Nonrenewable. Nuclear energy is generally considered sustainable because it is a relatively clean energy source, but it is also considered nonrenewable because the materials used in a nuclear power plant are currently limited. U-235 is the form of uranium used in nuclear power plants and it is a nonrenewable source.

Question 7

A doctor prescribed a 250 mg capsule of a common antibiotic for strep throat. The pharmacist had only 1 gram of the antibiotic in stock. How many capsules of medicine can the patient get from the pharmacist?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

If a zygote undergoes spiral cleavage, this zygote will develop into:

Answer 8

a protosome

Question 9

What is spiral cleavage?

Answer 9

spiral cleavage, which means that one pole of the embryo is rotated.

Question 10

What is a protosome?

Answer 10

a type of animal that has spiral cleavage, a mouth that develops before the anus in embryos, true tissues, and is bilaterally symmetric.

Question 11

what is a chordate?

Answer 11

a type of animal with a flexible rod supporting their dorsal or back sides.
characteristics: 1) a notochord, 2) a dorsal hollow nerve cord, 3) an endostyle or thyroid, 4) pharyngeal slits, and 5) a post-anal tail

Question 12

what is an echinoderm?

Answer 12

characterized by tube feet, a calcite body-covering (test), and a five-part symmetrical body, radial cleavage
think starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber

Question 13

covalently bonded compound

Answer 13

made when two or more nonmetal atoms bond by sharing valence electrons
ex:h2o

Question 14

ionic bond

Answer 14

one atom donates electrons to the other
ex:AlO3

Question 15

What is the role of the promoter during RNA transcription?

Answer 15

To bind with RNA polymerase and begin the process of building the RNA strand.

Question 16

how do immune cells can distinguish cells that belong in the body from pathogens?

Answer 16

Major histocompatibility molecules on the surface of the cells identify the cell as part of the body.

The immune system will usually not react to cells that have major histocompatibility molecules on their surface. These markers identify the cell as self.

Question 17

Do pathogens or cells have antibodies on their surface?

Answer 17

Pathogens have antigens on their surface. Lymphocytes bind to the antigen, detect the shape, and trigger antibody production.

Question 18

The uneven heating of the Earth results in

Answer 18

Deserts commonly found near the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.

Deserts are commonly found near the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, due to warm, moist air losing its moisture before reaching the Tropics.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most likely reason hydrogen can bond with many other elements?

Answer 19

Hydrogen has only one valence electron.

Because hydrogen has only one valence electron, it only needs one shared electron to fill its energy levels to form a covalent bond. Hydrogen can also lose its electron to form an ionic bond.

Question 20

Which list has the layers of the Earth in the correct order, from center outward?

Answer 20

From center outward, the layers are inner core, outer core, mantle, crust.

Question 21

Which of the following describes the tectonic plate movement at a divergent boundary?

Answer 21

Plates move apart.

Tectonic plates move away from each other at divergent boundaries, often forming rift valleys or mid-ocean ridges.

Question 22

what is a convergent plate boundary?

Answer 22

Plates collide and form mountain ranges.

This describes the convergent plate boundary of two continental plates.

Question 23

Placing a human muscle cell in salt water would cause

Answer 23

The cells would shrivel.

There are more solute particles outside the cell than inside the cell so water would flow from the inside to the outside of the cell by osmosis. This would cause the cells to shrivel.

Question 24

A cube of steel at 10°C and 1 atm has a volume of 500 cm2. Which of the following is the most likely volume of the cube after it is heated to 60°C?

Answer 24

501 cm3

The expansion coefficient for steel and many other metals is very small (α = 13 × 10–6 for steel). This means their expansion is a very small percentage of their original size per temperature degree increase.

Question 25

Which of the following shows the ground state electron configuration for Ag2+?

Answer 25

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d7

Question 26

An astronaut with a mass of 60 kg is outside the rocket module spacewalking while in orbit around the Earth. The astronaut ties a rope around a 20 kg piece of loose metal and accelerates with the metal as they head back to the ship. Which of the following best explains why the astronaut and the metal are able to accelerate even though, according to Newton’s third law, the metal pulls back on the astronaut with the same amount of force that the astronaut pulls forward on the metal?

Answer 26

A net force on the astronaut and metal is directed toward the ship.

The metal and astronaut pull on each other with the same amount of force, but these forces are internal to the system and cancel each other. The net force on the system is the forward force (from a rocket pack worn by the astronaut or of a tow cable from the module). The net force is forward and the system accelerates forward.

Question 27

Which of the following is an igneous rock?

Answer 27

basalt

Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock. Igneous rock is volcanic.

Question 28

Which of the following is a characteristic of a planet?

Answer 28

It is massive enough that its own gravity forces it into a spherical shape.

This is one of the three characteristics of a planet. It must also orbit the Sun and have a clear orbital path free of other debris.

Question 29

what is acceleration?

Answer 29

Acceleration is related to how quickly someone changes their velocity and is not limited to increasing velocity.

Question 30

Which process accounts for the majority of ATP produced during cellular respiration?

Answer 30

chemiosmosis

Chemiosmosis is when ATP is made using energy from a proton gradient. Approximately 80% of ATP produced during cellular respiration is created during chemiosmosis.

Question 31

What is the function of nucleosomes?

Answer 31

They help supercoil DNA.

A nucleosome is a unit of chromatin wrapped around eight histone proteins. They help supercoil DNA

Question 32

how is the body organized?

Answer 32

The body is organized by different levels and systems. Cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and organs make up organ systems.

Question 33

Imagine standing two feet in front of a plane mirror. As you look at your image in a plane mirror, where is the location of the image of your left hand?

Answer 33

Across from your left hand, two feet behind the mirror.

A plane mirror does not reverse left and right or up and down. It only reverses front to back. (Point at a mirror; which way does your image point?) Your left hand in the image is across from your actual left hand. The distance between the image (behind the mirror) and a plane mirror is the same as the distance from the object to the mirror: in this case, two feet.

Question 34

A storm surge occurs when:

Answer 34

strong winds and pressure create large waves far from shore.

Storm surges are intense waves that form out at sea during storms. They often flood coastal regions when they come to shore. They are caused by low-pressure regions and strong winds.

Question 35

Which is the correct name for the simple acid HBr?

Answer 35

hydrobromic acid

Question 36

In which phase of the moon is the Moon visible as a half-moon late at night and into the morning?

Answer 36

third quarter

The third-quarter moon is visible from midnight to noon. The half that is lit (left or right) depends on whether you are looking at it from the northern or southern hemisphere.

Question 37

What is the effect of the Gulf Stream on the United Kingdom?

Answer 37

warmer and wetter climate

The gulf stream brings warm, wet air from the Gulf of Mexico to the UK.