General Science

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

Naturally occurring, inorganic solids with a definite chemical composition and an orderly internal crystal structure. They are classified by their chemical structure.

Question 2

Polymorph

Answer 2

Two minerals with the same chemical composition, but a different crystal structure.

Question 3

Rocks

Answer 3

Aggregates of one or more minerals, and may also contain mineraloids and organic remains. They are classified based on their formation and the minerals they contain.

Question 4

Mineraloids

Answer 4

Minerals lacking a crystalline structure.

Question 5

3 types of rocks

Answer 5

Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.

Question 6

Geology

Answer 6

The study of the planet Earth as it pertains to the composition, structure, and origin of its rocks.

Question 7

Petrology

Answer 7

The study of rocks, including their composition, texture, structure, occurrence, mode of formation, and history.

Question 8

Mineralogy

Answer 8

The study of minerals.

Question 9

Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 9

Formed by the process of lithification, which involves compaction, the expulsion of liquids from pores, and the cementation of the pre-existing rock. It is pressure and temperature are responsible for this process. They are often formed in layers in the presence of water, and may contain organic remains, such as fossils.

Question 10

3 groups of sedimentary rocks

Answer 10

Detrital, biogenic, and chemical.

Question 11

Texture

Answer 11

Refers tot he size, shape, and grains of sedimentary rock. Can be used to determine how a particular rock was created.

Question 12

Composition

Answer 12

The types of minerals present in the rock.

Question 13

Origin of Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 13

The type of water that was involved in its creation.

Question 14

Ingeuous Rock

Answer 14

Formed from magma, which is molten material originating from beneath the Earth’s surface

Question 15

Cooled Magma Classifications

Answer 15

Intrusive, plutonic, hypabyssal, extrusive, or volcanic.

Question 16

Intrusive Magma

Answer 16

Magma that solidifies at depth, cools slowly, and has a coarse grain.

Such as granite.

Question 17

Extrusive Magma

Answer 17

Magma that solidifies at or near the the surface, cools quickly, and usually has fine grain. Some rocks cools so quickly that crystals do not have time to form and have a glassy appearance.

Such as basalt and obsidian respectively.

Question 18

Lava

Answer 18

Magma that flows out of the Earth’s surface.

Question 19

Hypabyssal Rock

Answer 19

Ingeous rock that is formed at medium depths.

Question 20

Metamorphic Rock

Answer 20

Rock that has been changed by great heat and pressure resulting in a variety of outcomes such as deformation, compaction, destruction its original characteristics, bending, folding, formation of new minerals because of chemical reactions, and changes in the size and shape of the mineral grain.

Question 21

Texture of metamorphic rocks classification

Answer 21

Foliated or unfoliated

Question 22

Foliation

Answer 22

Layering; occurs when rock is compressed along one axis during re-crystallization.

Question 23

Unfoliated

Answer 23

Rock that does not have banding. Rocks that are compressed equally from all sides or lack specific minerals.

Question 24

Fossils

Answer 24

Preservations of plants, animals, their remains, or their traces that date back to about 10,000 years ago.