general revision Flashcards
Relationship between the police and MAPPA (multi-agency public protection arrangements)
The police work with probation and prison services, sharing information with other agencies to assess and manage sexual and violent offenders in order to protect the public from harm
Relationship between the police and the courts
- ensures the defendants are in police custody before court
- police give evidence in courts
- police apply to the courts for search and arrest warrants
Licence
break the terms of release and must return to prison
relationship between the police and the CPS
The police are advised by the cps on the charging of suspects, both agencies work together in prosecuting of offenders. The CPS offers the CPS direct to police which is a 24 hour advice line.
What are the different stages of law making in parliament
- first reading 2. second reading 3. committee stage 4. report stage 5. third reading 6. royal assent
Statutory interpretation
when the courts/ judge interpret a law, this interpretation can be used in later cases
Relationship between police and probation
Both agencies work together in the management of offenders. this includes sharing of information and attending meetings
a bill
a proposed law
what is a debate
a discussion of pros and cons
what is a statute
a law, goes through the judges
judicial precedent
when a ruling of a case is decided to be valuable and may be used in future cases for rulings
relationship between the police and the HM prison service
the police assists with arrangements to make sure that those who are arrested and are sentenced to custody are taken there. Police will arrest those who are recalled on licence and will return them there
what does the judiciary take into account to ensure a fair sentence
- seriousness of the crime 2. harm caused to the victim 3. the level of blame 4. previous convictions (if any) 5. personal circumstances of the offender including if they have taken a guilty plea
features of the crime control model
features > quick and efficient disposal of cases > zero tolerance approach > conveyer belt approach > right realism approach > punish criminals and stop they reoffending > deter crime through detection and conviction > protects rights of victims > may give more power to the police
features of the due process model
features
> innocent before proven guilty
> emphasises fairness
> promotes defendants rights
> limits official oppression of the individual
> promotes legislation that would secure fair convictions
> left realism approach
> believes a caring and equal society creates justice
which charity aims to improve the prison system?
The prison reform trust
examples of internal social control
> traditions > upbringing > religion >conscience > rational ideology > internalisation of social rules
What is internal social control?
These are the thoughts and views that we have of crime, linking to our moral and conscience.
Which unit 2 theory links to social control?
Social learning theory
Examples of external social control?
> police > parents > teachers >judges > magistrates > traffic wardens > Prisons > religious leaders >security staff > CCTV
What is external social control
external controls are outside influences which make us follow the rules and not commit crimes. they persuade us and compel us to follow the rules.
What is control theory?
the idea that people don’t commit crimes or deviant acts because there are factors which control their behaviour and desires or impulse to break the rules.
which theorist relate to the control theory?
Walter c. Reckless and Travis Hirschi
What are the aims of the punishment
> retribution > deterrence > Rehabilitation >Public protection >reparation
What is retribution?
Retributions are not punishments for punishments sake, but are the desire to ensure that the offender is adequately punished and doesn’t commit crime anymore.
What is rehabilitation?
Rehabilitation aims to change the offender and use their own free will/ mind to actively not commit crimes but rather conform to societies rules
What is deterrence?
Deterrence is to dissuade a potential offender from committing a crime before they even commit it out of fear of the consequences
What is public protection?
Keeping society safe from dangerous people
What is reparation?
Providing compensation for the crime or repairing the wrong doing
What is denunciation?
Reinforcing rules, moral and ethical ideas, to show that society doesn’t agree with certain acts and will not tolerate it
What theory from unit 2 relates to deterrence?
social learning theory
what unit 2 theory relates to public protection?
Right realism
Which unit 2 theory links to reparation?
Left realism
Which unit 2 theory relates to denunciation
functionalism
What are the aims of imprisonment?
> retribution > rehabilitation > deterrence > Public protection/ incapacitation > denunciation
What are some examples of community sentences?
> community payback (40-300 hours unpaid work)
Treatment and programmes ( e.g. for addiction and mental health issues)
restrictions (such as a curfew, electronic tag or residence condition)
What are the different agencies in the criminal justice system ?
> police > CPS > judiciary > Prisons > Probation service > Charity and pressure groups
