general revision

Question 1

Relationship between the police and MAPPA (multi-agency public protection arrangements)

Answer 1

The police work with probation and prison services, sharing information with other agencies to assess and manage sexual and violent offenders in order to protect the public from harm

Question 2

Relationship between the police and the courts

Answer 2

1. ensures the defendants are in police custody before court
2. police give evidence in courts
3. police apply to the courts for search and arrest warrants

Question 3

Licence

Answer 3

break the terms of release and must return to prison

Question 4

relationship between the police and the CPS

Answer 4

The police are advised by the cps on the charging of suspects, both agencies work together in prosecuting of offenders. The CPS offers the CPS direct to police which is a 24 hour advice line.

Question 5

What are the different stages of law making in parliament

Answer 5

1. first reading 2. second reading 3. committee stage 4. report stage 5. third reading 6. royal assent

Question 6

Statutory interpretation

Answer 6

when the courts/ judge interpret a law, this interpretation can be used in later cases

Question 7

Relationship between police and probation

Answer 7

Both agencies work together in the management of offenders. this includes sharing of information and attending meetings

Question 8

a bill

Answer 8

a proposed law

Question 9

what is a debate

Answer 9

a discussion of pros and cons

Question 10

what is a statute

Answer 10

a law, goes through the judges

Question 11

judicial precedent

Answer 11

when a ruling of a case is decided to be valuable and may be used in future cases for rulings

Question 12

relationship between the police and the HM prison service

Answer 12

the police assists with arrangements to make sure that those who are arrested and are sentenced to custody are taken there. Police will arrest those who are recalled on licence and will return them there

Question 13

what does the judiciary take into account to ensure a fair sentence

Answer 13

1. seriousness of the crime 2. harm caused to the victim 3. the level of blame 4. previous convictions (if any) 5. personal circumstances of the offender including if they have taken a guilty plea

Question 14

features of the crime control model

Answer 14

features 
> quick and efficient disposal of cases 
> zero tolerance approach 
> conveyer belt approach 
> right realism approach 
> punish criminals and stop they reoffending 
> deter crime through detection and conviction 
> protects rights of victims 
> may give more power to the police

Question 15

features of the due process model

Answer 15

features
> innocent before proven guilty
> emphasises fairness
> promotes defendants rights
> limits official oppression of the individual
> promotes legislation that would secure fair convictions
> left realism approach
> believes a caring and equal society creates justice

Question 16

which charity aims to improve the prison system?

Answer 16

The prison reform trust

Question 17

examples of internal social control

Answer 17

> traditions 
> upbringing 
> religion
>conscience 
> rational ideology 
> internalisation of social rules

Question 18

What is internal social control?

Answer 18

These are the thoughts and views that we have of crime, linking to our moral and conscience.

Question 19

Which unit 2 theory links to social control?

Answer 19

Social learning theory

Question 20

Examples of external social control?

Answer 20

> police 
> parents 
> teachers
>judges 
> magistrates
> traffic wardens 
> Prisons 
> religious leaders
>security staff
> CCTV

Question 21

What is external social control

Answer 21

external controls are outside influences which make us follow the rules and not commit crimes. they persuade us and compel us to follow the rules.

Question 22

What is control theory?

Answer 22

the idea that people don’t commit crimes or deviant acts because there are factors which control their behaviour and desires or impulse to break the rules.

Question 23

which theorist relate to the control theory?

Answer 23

Walter c. Reckless and Travis Hirschi

Question 24

What are the aims of the punishment

Answer 24

> retribution 
> deterrence 
> Rehabilitation 
>Public protection 
>reparation

Question 25

What is retribution?

Answer 25

Retributions are not punishments for punishments sake, but are the desire to ensure that the offender is adequately punished and doesn’t commit crime anymore.

Question 26

What is rehabilitation?

Answer 26

Rehabilitation aims to change the offender and use their own free will/ mind to actively not commit crimes but rather conform to societies rules

Question 27

What is deterrence?

Answer 27

Deterrence is to dissuade a potential offender from committing a crime before they even commit it out of fear of the consequences

Question 28

What is public protection?

Answer 28

Keeping society safe from dangerous people

Question 29

What is reparation?

Answer 29

Providing compensation for the crime or repairing the wrong doing

Question 30

What is denunciation?

Answer 30

Reinforcing rules, moral and ethical ideas, to show that society doesn’t agree with certain acts and will not tolerate it

Question 31

What theory from unit 2 relates to deterrence?

Answer 31

social learning theory

Question 32

what unit 2 theory relates to public protection?

Answer 32

Right realism

Question 33

Which unit 2 theory links to reparation?

Answer 33

Left realism

Question 34

Which unit 2 theory relates to denunciation

Answer 34

functionalism

Question 35

What are the aims of imprisonment?

Answer 35

> retribution 
> rehabilitation 
> deterrence
> Public protection/ incapacitation
> denunciation

Question 36

What are some examples of community sentences?

Answer 36

> community payback (40-300 hours unpaid work)
Treatment and programmes ( e.g. for addiction and mental health issues)
restrictions (such as a curfew, electronic tag or residence condition)

Question 37

What are the different agencies in the criminal justice system ?

Answer 37

> police
> CPS
> judiciary
> Prisons 
> Probation service
> Charity and pressure groups