General review form BV Flashcards
Antidepressants most likely to cause insomnia (3)
Fluoxetine, Bupropion and Sertraline
mechanism of action of Carbamazepine
Blockade of Na gated channels
Carbamazepine Cyp450 metabolizer
3A4
Time to get stable levels of Carbamazepine in blood
3-5 weeks
Neurobiological abnormalities associated with ASD
Decreased formation of Purkinje cells
Head size in ASD is increased or decreased?)
increased
Which Neurotransmitter synthesis is affected in ASD
Serotonin
Brain structure affected in GAD
Amygdala (larger volume)
EEG characteristic of CJD
Periodic sharp waves complexes
Which drug should be used for agitation in PCP intoxication?
Benzodiazepines
Which drugs should be avoided in PCP intoxication?
Phenothiazines and butyrophenones (haldol, thorazine)
BPD is a disruption of which Mahler’s stage
Rapproachment
Narcissistic PD is a disruption of which Mahler’s stage
Symbiosis (no soothing) and separation-individuation
Antidepressant that increases cardiac malformations in 1st trimester
Paroxetine
Pregabalin mechanism of action
Ca channel antagonist
Disulfiram mechanism of action in liver and brain
inhibits Aldehyde dehydrogenase in liver
Blocks Dopamine dehydrogenase in brain
Acamprosate mechanism of action
Blocks NMDA receptors
Baclofen mechanism of action
GABA B receptor agonist
Naltrexone mechanism of action
mu receptor antagonist
Most common mood disorder comorbid with anorexia nervosa
MDD
Class of antidepressant that Mirtazapine is in
Tetracyclic antidepressant
Mirtazapine mechanism of action
Blocks presynaptic alpha 2 receptors , indirect 5HT1A activation increasing release of dopamine
SSRIs FDA approved for GAD (2)
Paroxetine, escitalopram
SNRI FDA approved for GAD
Venlafaxine, duloxetine
Buspirone mechanism of action
5-HT1A partial agonist at postsynaptic receptors
IQ to quailify as Intellectual disability
70 or less (2SD below average)
MAOI with the lowest incidence of sexual side effects
Tranylcipromine
Most effective treatment for social phobia
Phenelzine
ASD diagnostic criteria
Deficits in social communication and social interaction
Restricted Repetitive behaviors, interests and activities
Time needed to elapse for disulfiram-alcohol reaction to disappear
2 weeks
Topiramate side effects that do not improve over time
cognitive slowing, weight loss, paresthesias
CYP450 predominantly present at birth
3A7
Mechanism of action of Modafinil
Histaminergic and increases dopamine by binding to the transporter
Mechanism of action of Atomoxetine
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Absolute contraindication of selegiline
surgery and pheochromocytoma
Suicide risk in BPAD
25%-50% will attempt 25% of all completed suicides same suicide risk as MDD 10-25x higher than general population 10-15% will complete suicide
Best rating scale to differentiate delirium from dementia
Delirium Rating scale revised 98
FDA approved treatment of bulimia
Fluoxetine
main neurotransmitter associated with Panic disorder
GABA
selective mutism is this type of disorder in the DSM-V
Anxiety
MDD sleep changes
increase sleep onset latency increased REM latency increased number of REM sleep Increased total awakenings Decreased total sleep decreased slow wave (stages 3-4)
Lesion to medial thalamus sxs
Medial: deficits in language
Anterior and medial: mood and sleep-wake deficits
Lesions to lateral thalamus sxs
deficits in visual memory
Lesions to Amygdala
Hyperorality, hyperphagia, hypesexuality (Kluver bucy)
Lesions to mammilary bodies
Psychosis, memory deficits and confabulation (Kosarkoff)
%of children with ODD that will develop conduct disorder
30%
CJD CSF markers
14-3-3 and RT-QulC (latter is more specific)
CJD age of onset
50-70y/o
Drugs used to control aggressiveness in schizophrenia
lithium and beta blockers
Benzodiazepine that most rapidly absorbed when taken PO
diazepam
Benzodiazepines with rapid onset of action
Diazepam and clorazepate
Benzodiazepine with shortest half life
Triazolam (1-5h), followed by Alprazolam (6-20h)
Benzodiazepines with longest half lives (3)
Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide, clorazepate
Jean Baker Miller theory
Relational theory- focused on real relation between therapist and patient
Carl Jung theory
Transpersonal psychology-archetypal phenomena of the collective unconscious
Heinz Kohut theory
self psychology-mirroring and idealization
Melanie Klein Theory
Objects relations-schizoid paranoid and depressive positions, true self and false self
Anna Freud theory
Ego theory, focused on ego defenses
What condition does the Maudsley model treat?
Anorexia
Prevalence of Paranoid Personality Disorder in inpatient
10-30%
Alzeimer’s Disease genetic mutations
Presenilin I, Presenilin II, APOE4, and amyloid precursor protein
4 main focus areas of interpersonal therapy
Complicated bereavement ( grief after loss of loved one) Role dispute (conflict in significant relationships) Role transitions (difficulties adapting to changes in relationships or life events) Interpersonal deficits (difficulties stemming form isolation or lack of life events)
Lesion to this structure with result in prosopagnosia
Fusiform gyrus
Medications that should be taken on an empty stomach
Sedatives
Which SSRI have the lowest drug exposure during breastfeeding
Paroxetine and sertraline
SSRIs with higher drug exposure during breastfeeding
Fluoxetine, Citalopram
Which TCAs have the lowest drug exposure during breastfeeding
Nortriptiline and Imipramine
Interaction of valproate and lamotrigine
Valproate doubles lamotrigine half life
FDA approved treatment for cataplexy in narcolepsy
GHB, Sodium oxybate (Xyrem)
FDA approved medication for PTSD
Sertraline and Paroxetine
Peak prevalence of sleepwalking occurs at which age
8-12 years
Common disorder in patients with ASD
Anxiety
Desipramine should be used with caution in children and adolescents because of this side effect
sudden death
First line drug for ADHD with substance use, comorbid anxiety or tics
Atomoxetine (Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor)
Part of the brain primarily responsible for smell
Olfactory cortex in LIMBIC system
Frontal lobe function
executive function
social conduct
judgement
some motor functions
Parietal lobe functions
sensory integration and somatosensory function
Temporal lobe function
hearing, naming and visual recognition
Anterior temporal lobe function
critical for semantic memory
MRI changes in schizophrenia
-Reduced volumen in: prefrontal cortex Medial temporal lobe thalamus hippocampus superior thalamic gyrus -Enlarged lateral and 3rd ventricles volume and basal ganglia
fMRI changes in schizophrenia
Reduced blood flow and metabolism in frontal lobes
Structures that arise from Diencephalon
Thalamus, hypothalamus, subtahlamus and optic vesicle
Structures that arise from Metencephalon
pons and cerebellum
Structures that arise from Myelencephalon
Medulla
Structures that arise from Telencephalon
brain hemispheres, limbic system and basal ganglia
Structures that arise from Mesencephalon
red nucleus, superior and inferior colliculi, substantia nigra and periaqueductal grey matter
Drug that cause false positive for PCP in Utox
Venlafaxine
Drug that cause false positive for LSD in Utox
Amitriptyline
Drug that cause false positive for barbiturates in Utox
Naproxen
Drug that cause false positive for benzos in Utox
Sertraline