General Review Flashcards

1
Q

Nervous tissue contains two categories of cells:

A

Neurons & Neuroglial Cells

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2
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Nervous System?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

& Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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3
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System contains 2 parts called__.

A

Somatic Nervous System (Voluntary)
&
Autonomic Nervous System (Involuntary)

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4
Q

Somatic (Voluntary) sends to___.

A

Skeletal Muscles

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5
Q

Autonomic (Involuntary) sends to ____.

A

Smooth muscles, Cardiac muscles, & Glands.

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6
Q

What are the 3 general functions of the Nervous System?

A
  • Receiving stimuli (Sensory function)
  • Deciding about stimuli (Integrative function)
  • Reacting to stimuli (Motor function)

Remember “SIM” for function

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7
Q

Neurons share what certain features?

A

Dendrites, cell body, and axon.

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8
Q

If myelinated, a cell body will be____, and an axon will be___.

A

grey, white

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9
Q

White matter contains___.

A

Myelinated axons.

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10
Q

Grey matter contains___.

A

unmyelinated structures

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11
Q

In which 2 locations is gray matter surrounded by white?

A

Spinal cord & Cerebrum

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12
Q

In which 2 locations are white matter surrounded by grey matter?

A

Cerebral & Cerebellum

This is reversed from the spinal cord & cerebrum

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13
Q

True or False:

All Sensory Neurons are Uni-Polar.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Bipolar has how many poles?

A

2

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15
Q

Unipolar neurons have how many poles?

A

1

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16
Q

Multipolar neurons have how many poles?

A

Many (Most neurons of the CNS)

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17
Q

What cells myelinate axons in PNS?

A

Schwann Cells

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18
Q

What cells myelinate axons in CNS?

A

Oligodenrocytes

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19
Q

Name #1 out of the 4 types of cells in CNS & its function.

A
  1. Microglia- “garbage man” removes damaged neurons & infections.
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20
Q

Name #2 out of the 4 types of cells in CNS & it’s function.

A
  1. Astrocyte- formation of blood/brain barrier
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21
Q

Name #3 out of the 4 types of cells in CNS & its function.

A
  1. Oligodendrocyte- myelinates axons
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22
Q

Name #4 out of the 4 types of cells in CNS & its function.

A
  1. Eperidyma - lines ventricles of the brain
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23
Q

Synapse =

A

Space

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24
Q

“Messenger” that is released when impulse reaches synaptic knob. Ex; serotonin, dopamine.

A

Neurotransmitter

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25
Q

What is the Cell Membrane Potential?

A

-70mV

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26
Q

Na+ (sodium) into the cell causes__?

A

Depolarization

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27
Q

K+ (potassium) out of the cell causes____?

A

Repolarization

28
Q

During depolarization which gated channels are opened?

A

Na+ Sodium

29
Q

Closure of the Na+ gate & the opening of the K+ gate happens during___.

A

Repolarization

30
Q

When channels remain open after potential reaches its resting level.

A

Hyperpolarization

31
Q

Membranes that protect the CNS: (3 total)

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
32
Q

The “tough mother” outer layer meninge closest to the skull, which covers and protects the brain & spinal cord.

A

Dura Mater

33
Q

“spider web-like” layer meninge that contains CSF & is made of collagen and elastic fibers.

A

Arachnoid Mater

34
Q

“faithful mother” layer meninge which clings to the brain and encapsulates blood vessels.

A

Pia Mater

35
Q

The slender column of nervous tissue that is continuous with the brain & brainstem, extends downward through the vertebral canal.

A

Spinal Cord

36
Q

The tapered end of the spinal cord.

A

Conus Medullaris

37
Q

Sack of nerve roots at the end of the spinal cord.

A

Cauda Equina.

38
Q

5 parts of reflex arcs.

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory Neuron
  3. Interneuron
  4. Motor Neuron
  5. Effector
39
Q

_____ tracts conduct SENSORY impulse TO the brain.

A

Ascending

40
Q

_____ tracts conduct MOTOR impulses FROM the brain.

A

Descending

41
Q

List 4 major parts of the brain.

A

Brainstem, Cerebellum, Cerebrum, Diencephalon.

BCCD

42
Q

The Cerebrum contains:

A

Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobes.

43
Q

The Diencephalon contains:

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus.

44
Q

Brain Stem contains:

A

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla

45
Q

Insula contains:

A

Hippocampus

46
Q

Limbic System contains:

A

Amygdala

47
Q

2 Types of nerves in PNS

A

Cranial & Spinal

48
Q

Somatic fibers connecting to skin & skeletal muscles.

A

Cranial Nerves

49
Q

Structures of a Peripheral Nerve. 3 layers.

A

Endoneurium (inner)
Perineurium (middle)
Epineurium (outer)

50
Q

Nerves that arise from the spinal cord.

A

Spinal Nerves

51
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

52
Q

Which nerves are intercostal and do not form plexuses?

A

T2-T12

53
Q

The only spinal nerve WITHOUT a dermatone.

A

C1

54
Q

Spinal Nerves C1 - C8 are called

A

Cervial Nerves

55
Q

Spinal Nerves T1 - T12 are called

A

Thoracic Nerves

56
Q

Spinal Nerves L1 - L5 are called

A

Lumbar Nerves

57
Q

Spinal nerves S1 - S5 are called

A

Sacral Nerves

58
Q

Spinal Nerve Co or Cc is called

A

Coccygeal Nerve

59
Q

A cluster of nerves that are formed by different spinal nerves.

A

Nerve Plexuses

60
Q

Which nerve is formed in the cervical plexus and supplies the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve

61
Q

Which nerve is formed in the brachial plexus and is the only nerve to go through the carpel tunnel?

A

Median Nerve

62
Q

Which nerve is formed in the lumbosacral plexus and stimulates movement of the leg muscle?

A

Sciatic Nerve

63
Q

Without conscious effort: Smooth Muscles, cardiac muscles, glands.

A

Autonomic

64
Q

2 Parts of the Autonomic Nervous System.

A

Sympathetic & Parasympathetic

65
Q

With conscious effort, Skeletal muscles

A

Somatic nervous system

66
Q

Fight or Flight

A

Sympathetic

67
Q

Resting & Digesting

A

Parasympathetic