General questions that you should be able to answer Flashcards
What are the four processes of mass movement?
Landslide Rotational slip Mudflow Rockfall
Describe how rotational slip occurs and what may help trigger this?
Rotational slip occurs on a curved bedding plane and often after heavy rainfall, which helps lubricate between the layers of rock. Added weight on top of such cliffs from human buildings can make it more likely to happen.
Illustrate the process of long shore drift
Explain how long shore drift creates a tombolo?
The deposition of material continues in the same direction, because of the wind and currents. So, as the direction of the coastline changes, a spit is formed jutting out from the coast. When this spit joins to an island, a tombolo has been formed.
What is fetch?
The distance travelled by wind or waves across open water.
Three differences between destructive and constructive waves?
Destructive waves have a shorter wavelength, a stronger backwash and remove material from a beach, unlike a constructive wave.
How successful have sea defences been in Mapleton?
To the North of the groyne, erosion rates have reduced from 5-7 metres a year to almost nothing, helping to protect the B1242. However, south of the groyne, because material is trapped by the groyne, the rate of erosion has increased to 12m a year - and people’s houses are falling off the cliff!
What defences were put in at Mapleton?
A groyne and rock armour, made from Norwegian granite, at a cost of £2million.
By how much are sea levels rising?
3mm a year
Why are sea levels rising?
Global warming has led to the melting of ice previously stored on the land and also THERMAL EXPANSION
How many numbers in a four figure grid reference?
4
One way you can measure distance on an O.S map?
edge of the paper OR using the scale on the map OR piece of string OR Ruler (if it is a straight line!)
How is cord grass adapted to use in salty conditions?
Long roots to help it bind into the loose sediment. Waxy leaves to protect it from salt.
How is the OYSTER CATCHER adapted to live on the saltmarsh?
Long beak - to get food buried in the mud. Long legs - so it’s feathers do not get muddy/ saturated in the mud/water. Large feet - to spread weight and stop the bird sinking into the mud.
What do we mean by vegetation succession? Include the word BIODIVERSITY
The evolution of plant communities at a site over time, from pioneer species to climax vegetation. At each stage of the succession the conditions change, allowing the establishment of another group of species and therefore greater biodiversity.
How is a stump formed?
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Why do we get headlands and bays?
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