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Sociology: Education > General Questions > Flashcards

General Questions Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who introduced the 1988 ERA?

A

Conservatives

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2
Q

Who extended the policy of specialist schools to promote diversity?

A

Labour

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3
Q

Who rejected mixed ability teaching?

A

Labour

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4
Q

Who, in 2006, introduced additional league table columns to document social and economic factors within the school as well as how much improvement was made to student grades, not just the end results?

A

Labour

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5
Q

What 5 areas did the coalition government change?

A
  • academies
  • free schools
  • e-baccalaureate
  • vocational subjects
  • a-levels
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6
Q

Summarise the education policies over the years

A

1944: Butler Education Act - Tripartite system
1965: Comprehensive system
1988: Education Reform Act
1997-2010: Labour educational policy
2010+: Coalition educational policy

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7
Q

Evaluation of the ERA and Marketisation policies

How can the national curriculum be criticised?

A
  • undermined local democratic control
  • very traditional + unimaginative content - neglected areas of learning eg. political understanding
  • defined certain types of knowledge as more worthy of study
  • ethnocentric etc etc
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8
Q

Evaluation of the ERA and Marketisation policies

How can the SATS be criticised?

A
  • turned education into a rat race

- testing at a young age leads to labelling and changes nature of education in a detrimental way

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9
Q

Evaluation of the ERA and Marketisation policies

How can league tables be criticised?

A
  • initially based on crude exam data that didn’t reflect aspects such as social background, misleading image of the quality of the teaching
  • presenting a ‘good’ image = good for funding but poorer schools may come to lack resources
  • league tables encourage cream-skimming, silt-shifting
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10
Q

Evaluation of the ERA and Marketisation policies

How can the funding formula be criticised?

A
  • popular schools gain more funds = attract + afford better-qualified teachers, better facilities
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11
Q

Evaluation of the ERA and Marketisation policies

How can the parental choice be criticised?

A
  • increases segregation between wc and mc pupils
  • shifts focus from what the school can do for pupils to what pupils can do for schools, focus taken away from education and instead commercial over educational principles were being emphasised
  • commercial rather than educational principles dominated
  • Ball and Gerwitz: studied 15 schools, identified 3 types of parents: privileged-skilled choosers, disconnected-local choosers, semi-skilled choosers
  • parentocracy is a myth
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12
Q

What were the two main aims of the labour education policy 1997-2010?

A
  • promoting diversity, choice and competition

- reducing inequality

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13
Q

How did labour education policy 1997-2010 go about promoting diversity, choice and competition but increasing diversity especially?

A
  1. Specialist schools
    - 2007: 75% of all secondary schools were specialist
    - centres of excellence and raise standards in subject
    - select up to 10% of pupils due to aptitude in specialist subject
  2. Academies
    - former comprehensives with poor results given new name and new uniform etc. to raise standards
  3. rejected mixed ability teaching
  4. additional column on league table introduced
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14
Q

What did the coalition policy of academies do?

A
  • encouraged schools to leave LEA control and become publicly funded independent schools
  • greater freedoms to innovate and raise standards
  • greater freedoms: freedom from LEA control, ability to change the lengths of terms and school days etc
  • funding is received directly from the Education Funding Agency meaning the school governing body has greater controls over how to use budget
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15
Q

What did the coalition policy of free schools do?

A
  • all ability state-funded schools
  • members of the public can open school to address demand within an area
  • supporters say they improve educational standards by taking control away from the state and giving power to parents
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16
Q

How is the coalition policy of free schools criticised?

A
  • research from Sweden suggests they only benefit children from highly educated families
  • free schools take fewer disadvantaged pupils
  • socially divisive
  • similar policy in America has been criticised for appearing to raise standards but only doing this through strict public selection
17
Q

What did the coalition policy of E-Baccalaureate do?

A
  • to students who achieve maths, english, science, foreign language, humanity at GCSE
  • broad core of subjects
  • E-bac is composed of ‘facilitating subjects’ that are identified as particularly beneficial at A Level for attending universities ie. Russell Group
18
Q

What did the coalition policy of vocational subjects do?

A
  • lot of GCSE equivalent vocational qualifications stripped
  • forced to drop valuable technical, practical courses
  • 85% of senior teachers agree that vocational qualifications are valuable for students
19
Q

What did the coalition policy of A-Levels do?

A
  • must be taken as 2-year linear course

- special credit for AAB in ‘facilitating subjects’

20
Q

How could Durkheim’s positivist study of suicide be critiqued?

A
  • hasn’t explored every social fact influencing suicide
  • statistics might be inaccurate - ie. Catholics may destroy the suicide note to disguise, coroners may be less likely to identify it as a suicide
  • would need to explore other religions and their suicide rates before deciding it was a social fact
  • this scientific method overlooks anomalies and only gives a macro, general picture
  • statistics may only give a snapshot in time, not always a social fact
21
Q

How can the Coalition policy of the pupil premium be criticised?

A
  • not spent on those who it is supposed to

- only 1 in 10 head teachers said it changed how they supported students from disadvantaged backgrounds

22
Q

What negative things did the Coalition government do as part of their ‘austerity’ programme?

A
  • spending on school buildings cut by 60%
  • many Sure Start centres closed
  • Educational Maintenance Allowance abolished
  • university fees tripled to £9,000
  • these policies reduce opportunities for wc pupils and increased university fees just isolate wc individuals
23
Q

Aside from their policies directly intending to overcome inequality, what other equality policies did Labour introduce?

A
  • National literary strategy
  • literacy and numeracy hours
  • reducing primary class size
  • introducing homework clubs
  • ‘naming and shaming’ the worst-performing schools
24
Q

How does Ball critique the coalition policies?

A
  • says that by fragmenting centralisation and having education provided by a diverse patchwork of provisions, greater inequality has emerged

Sociology: Education (6 decks)

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