General Questions

Question 1

Development and Operations: The Problem
Development

Answer 1

Developers traditionally do not pay as much attention to what happens after the software application goes into a production data center. This issue creates a problem between development and operations.

Question 2

Development and Operations: The Problem
Operations

Answer 2

Operations department often finds that it is very difficult to introduce new software because of the backlog of change requests.

Question 3

Developers look at the world with a perspective that is different from Operations. Two different perspectives are:

Answer 3

1. Development wants to release newer versions of applications and new products as fast as possible.
2. Operations wants a reliable and stable environment.

Question 4

Traditionally, software developers and network operations were in independent silos. Software developers focus on…

Answer 4

…creating features and delivering monolithic applications.

Question 5

Traditionally, software developers and network operations were in independent silos. Software developers focus on creating features and delivering monolithic applications. Network operations focus on…

Answer 5

…enabling connectivity for the developers to deliver value

Question 6

DevOps methodologies eliminate the silos between the…

Answer 6

…development of software and the operations of deploying and maintaining it.

Question 7

An important goal of DevOps is…

Answer 7

…to break down silos and enhance communication between teams.

Question 8

The problem lies in the fact that development and operations are often in…

Answer 8

…completely independent and isolated parts of an organization.

Question 9

CALMS Acronym

Answer 9

Culture
Automation
Lean
Measurement
Sharing

[CALMS](https://ondemandelearning.cisco.com/apollo-alpha/mc_naec10_01/as

Question 10

CALMS

Answer 10

Culture
The organization must be ready to make this type of change.

Question 11

CALMS

Answer 11

Automation
The technology must enable faster testing and feature deployment.

Question 12

CALMS

Answer 12

Lean
the management philosophy goal is to reduce all waste.

Question 13

CALMS

Answer 13

Measurement
Information about ongoing operations is shared in real time.

Question 14

CALMS

Answer 14

Sharing
DevOps units work in collaboration and are vocal when things go right or wrong.

Question 15

DevOps Tools Categories

Answer 15

• Collaboration
• Continuous integration
• Configuration management
• Working environment
• Source and image control
• Platforms

Question 16

Collaboration

Answer 16

Systems like Trello, Slack, Cisco Webex, Jira, and HipChat are used to enhance collaboration during the development process.

Question 17

Continuous Integration

Answer 17

Tools such as Jenkins, Travis CI, CircleCI, TeamCity, and Visual Studio Team Services help orchestrate the overall development pipeline and offer more efficient ways for testing.

Question 18

Configuration management

Answer 18

Tools like Puppet, Chef, SaltStack, Terraform, and Ansible are often used for configuration management to ensure that when an application is deployed, it follows the approved and template-defined configuration.

Question 19

Working environment

Answer 19

Systems that quickly allow repeatable environments to be created, such as Packer and Vagrant, or Docker, are used to simplify and accelerate development efforts.

Question 20

Source and image control

Answer 20

Systems like GitLab, GitHub, Docker Hub, Bitbucket, and JFrog Artifacts are used where source code, or more broadly, software artifacts, are stored and pushed.

Question 21

Platforms

Answer 21

Cloud resources like OpenStack, Google Cloud Platform, Amazon Web Services, DigitalOcean, and Microsoft Azure are platforms that can be easily consumed via APIs to build on-demand and elastic environments.

Question 22

Core components of the complete device API

Answer 22

Data models: The foundation of the API consists of data models. Data models define the syntax and semantics, including constraints of working with the API. YANG is a data model used by NETCONF, RESTCONF, and gRPC.

Transport: Model-driven APIs support several transport methods, including SSH, TLS, and HTTP or HTTPS.

Encoding: Model-driven APIs support the choice of encoding, including XML and JSON, and custom encodings such as Google protocol buffers.

Protocols: Model-driven APIs also support multiple options for protocols, with the three core protocols being NETCONF, RESTCONF, and gRPC.

[Model-Driven Programmability in action](https://odel-assets.cisco.com/a

Question 23

YANG model-driven programmability stack

Answer 23

Data Modeling Language

Question 24

Git Commands

Answer 24

Git Commands