General Questions Flashcards
Difference Between Risk and Hazard
Risk is a voluntary action to take a challenge and a hazard is an unforeseen chance of harm.
What are the 4 major causes of playground injuries and death?
1 Cause of Playground Injuries - Falls
What are the 4 major causes of playground injuries and
Cause of Deaths -
#1 Entanglement, #2 Falls, #3 Head and Neck Entrapment, #4 Impact
What is the main purpose of the ASTM standard and the CPSC quideline?
> To reduce the number and severity of life threatening and seriously debilitating injuries.
What are the various age ranges four users covered by ASTM F1487 standard? CPSC Handbook?
> ASTM F1487
5th%-tile 2 year old thru 95th%-tile 12 year old.
CPSC Handbook:
Toddler: 6 months thru 23 months
Preschool: 2 year olds to 5 year olds
School age: 5 year olds thru 12 year olds
What are the objectives of the CPSI Course?
Identify potential safety hazards on playgrounds
Rank the hazard according to injury potential
Apply the knowledge to create or improve an existing comprehensive playground safety program
What are the major components of a comprehensive playground management program
Initial Compliance Assessments (Audits)
Regularly Scheduled Inspections
Routine Maintenance and Repairs
Name some of the general playground considerations identified by CPSC?
> Supervision
Equipment not appropriate for preschool users
Site selection
• Sun exposure
Layout considerations
Conflicting activities
Name the hazards associated with the four major causes of death in the playground environment.
> Entanglements with projections
Falls onto hard surfaces
Head and Neck Entrapment in openings
Impact with heavy suspended components or tipped or collapsing structures
What are the 3 conditions necessary for a projection to be considered an entanglement hazard?
Does the projection fit inside one of the 3 projection gauges?
> Is the projection projecting upward above the horizontal plane? And…
Does the projection has perpendicular sides from its initial surface >0. 12”, 1/8” (3mm).
What test probe is used for field testing of common crush and shear hazards?
» 0.62” or 5/8 inch or 15.7 mm
What must occur to have a potential crush and shear hazard?
> The probe must be grabbed by movement by one or both adjacent components
What types of devices allow persons with mobility impairments to access elevated structures?
> Ramps and Transfer Platforms.
When is a completely-bounded opening a potential head entrapment hazard?
When the torso probe penetrates opening to a depth of 4” (102 mm) or greater, and the 9” (229 mm) Head Probe does not pass through the opening.
When does a partially-bounded opening become a potential neck entrapment hazard?
When opening fails Part A Test and then fails Part B to a depth > 3/4” (19.1 mm)
Greg’s Guardrail/Barrier Cheer (for platforms, landings, & walkways)
20, 30, 48 who do we appreciate?
23-29 and 28-38
When the elevation above the surfacing is:
Greater than: 20” = Guardrail (2-5)
Greater than: 30” = Barrier (2-5)
Greater than: 30” = Guardrail (5-12)
Greater than: 48” = Barrier (5-12)
Odd Numbers (Pre-school) 23” max bottom rail height, 29” min upper rail height Even Numbers (School Age) 28” max bottom rail height, 38” min upper rail height
Upper Rail numbers apply to barriers, bottom opening may not allow passage of torso probe
What are the differences between a Slide Non-Entanglement Zone and the Slide Clearance Zone?
Non-entanglement zones begin at outside bottom edge of bed and only is 60” tall over slide transition platform
Clearance Zone begins at top of slide side rail and is 60” above slide bed and slide transition platform
List some of the performance requirements that apply to all equipment?
All the performance requirements; entrapment, entanglement, protrusions, crush/shear, sharp edge/points, hand gripping dimensions, step heights, handrail heights.
These dimensions can be found in the “grey highlighted” sections of the full Table of Dimensions.
What are the impact attenuation thresholds for G-max and Head Injury Criterion?
What
Impact test result cannot exceed 200g and/or 1000 HIC.
What is the relationship between surfacing critical height and equipment fall height as it relates to surfacing materials?
• The critical height rating of a surfacing material in the use zone must equal or exceed the equipment fall height or highest Designated Play
Surface.
What equipment use zones may be overlapped?
Adjacent Stationary Equipment with a Fall Height equal to or less than 30°
Adjacent Stationary Equipment with one or both Fall Heights >30”
Adjacent Stationary and Rotating Equipment <20” diameter and both with ≤ 30” Fall Heights
What equipment use zones may not overlap?
• Swing Use Zones 2 times W, X, or Y, front and back, the width of swing beam
• Standing Spring/Rocking Equipment 84”
• Vertical Rotating Equipment > 20” radius must maintain a 72” no overlap
• Slide Exit Use Zone length 72”-96” and width of bedway plus 21” both sides
What are the requirements for the “accessible route of travel” in playgrounds for children with disabilities?
Running slope inside 1:16, Cross slope 1:48, Clear Width 60”, Overhead clearance 80”
Max. Ramp run (1:12), Max. Length per ramp run (144”), Landings (60”) did
What are the 3 keys to creating an Accessible Playground?
• All users must be able to approach, enter, and use the playground equipment
How would a CPSI determine the playground owner’s standard of care?
• Conduct a Comprehensive Compliance Inspection and
Assessment
What are important characteristics for a public playground safety coordinator?
• Emphasize agency’s desired “Standard of Care”.
• Facilitate agency’s commitment to playground safety.
• Identify, assess, and assign playground-related tasks and responsibilities.
• Flexibility in a continually changing playground environments.
• Insure that maintenance and inspections are completed appropriately.
Why is it important to have a playground site history file for each playground?
• Documentation is important and reference to vital information and defense in case of a litigation.
Name the different types of playground inspections and the objective of each?
• Routine Visual - Frequent Custodial and minor reoccurring repairs.
• Operational - Preventive Maintenance and Repairs plus other duties as
Routine Visual inspections on a less frequent schedule.
• Comprehensive Compliance Inspection and Risk Assessment - In-depth evaluation of playground environment against the Standard of Care.
Why is it important to be pro-active vs. reactive as a manager?
• Someone has to be in-charge because everyone’s responsibility is no-one’s responsibility. Better use of owner resources.
What are the major differences between routine visual and operational inspections?
o Frequency of the inspection and depth of knowledge.
Maintenance vs Repairs required to maintain the standard of care.
How do you go about prioritizing non-compliant conditions?
• Consider the possibility, probability, and consequences of a user most-at-risk of coming in contact with the non-compliant situation.
