General Psychology: Exam 3

Question 1

What is learning and

Answer 1

Learning is a change in behavior or as a result of something that happened from experience.

Question 2

What is classical conditioning?

Answer 2

Classical conditioning involves learning new behavior via the process of association.

i.e.: The Pavlov Experiment.

Question 3

Describe acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, and discrimination?

Answer 3

Acquisition: The first stages of learning when a response is established.

Extinction: A gradual weakness of a conditioned response.

Spontaneously Recovery: The reappearance of a Conditions Response (CR) that had been extinguished.

Generalization: The tendency to respond in the same way to different but similar stimuli.

Discrimination: The inability to distinguish between on stimulus and another.

Question 4

3 major types of learning.

Answer 4

Learning through association: Classical Conditioning.

Learning through consequences: Operant Conditioning

Learning through observation: Modeling/Observational Learning

Question 5

4 Basic Elements of Classical Conditioning

Answer 5

Unconditioned Stimulus (US): Unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response.

Unconditioned Response (UR): Unlearned response that happens naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus. 
     i.e. Gasping in pain after being stung by a bee. Jumping at the sound of a loud noise.  

Conditioned Stimulus (CS):  When we learn to react to something because we associate it with something else. 
      i.e. Getting into a car accident in an area and always panicking when you're in that area. 

Conditioned Response (CR): The learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. 
       i.e. Seeing a scary movie about spiders and becoming scared of spiders.