Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cell Biology > General Protein Functions > Flashcards

General Protein Functions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Enzymes

A

catalyze covalent bond breakage/formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Structural Proteins

A

provide mechanical support to cells and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transport Proteins

A

carry small molecules/ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Motor Proteins

A

generate movement in cells and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Storage Proteins

A

store amino acids/ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Signal Proteins

A

carry extracellular signals from cell to cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Receptor Proteins

A

detect signals and transmit them to the cell’s response machinery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Transcription Regulators

A

bind to DNA to switch genes on/off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Special-Purpose Proteins

A

highly variable functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

A

enzyme

makes the alcohol in wine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pepsin

A

enzyme

degrades dietary proteins in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase

A

enzyme

helps convert CO2 into sugars in plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

enzyme

copies DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Protein Kinase

A

enzyme

adds a phosphate to a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Collagen

A

structural protein
common constituent of ECM
forms fibers in tendons and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Elastin

A

structural protein
common constituent of ECM
forms fibers in tendons and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tubulin

A

structural protein

forms long, stiff microtubules inside cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Actin

A

structural protein

forms filaments that support plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Keratin

A

structural protein
forms fibers that reinforce epithelial cells
major protein in hair and horns

20
Q

Serum Albumin

A

transport protein

carries lipids

21
Q

Hemoglobin

A

transport protein

carries oxygen

22
Q

Transferrin

A

transport protein

carries iron

23
Q

Bacteriorhodopsin

A

transport protein
light-activated H+ pump
transports protons out of the cell (bacteria)

24
Q

Glucose Transporters

A

transport protein

shuttle glucose into and out of cells

25
Q

Calcium Pumps

A

transport protein

clears calcium ions from a muscle cell’s cytosol after the ions have triggered a contraction

26
Q

Insulin

A

signal protein

controls glucose levels in the blood

27
Q

Netrin

A

signal protein

attracts growing nerve cell axons to specific locations in the developing spinal cord

28
Q

Nerve Growth Factor

A

signal protein

stimulates some types of nerve cells to grow axons

29
Q

Epidermal Growth Factor

A

signal protein

stimulates the growth and division of epithelial cells

30
Q

Ferritin

A

storage protein

binds to iron and stores it in the liver

31
Q

Ovalbumin

A

storage protein

stores amino acids in egg white for developing bird embryo

32
Q

Casein

A

storage protein

stores amino acids in milk for baby mammals

33
Q

Myosin

A

motor protein
provides motive force for humans to move
skeletal muscle cells

34
Q

Kinesin

A

motor protein

interacts with microtubules to move organelles around the cell

35
Q

Dynein

A

motor protein

enables eukaryotic cilia and flagella to beat

36
Q

Rhodopsin

A

receptor protein

detects light in the retina

37
Q

Acetylcholine Receptor

A

receptor protein

activated by acetylcholine released from a nerve ending

38
Q

Insulin Receptor

A

receptor protein

allows a cell to respond to insulin by taking up glucose

39
Q

Adrenergic Receptor

A

receptor protein

increases rate of heartbeat when it binds to epinephrine secreted by adrenal gland

40
Q

Lac Repressor

A

transcription regulator

silences genes in bacteria for enzymes that degrade lactose sugar

41
Q

DNA-binding Proteins

A

transcription regulator

act as genetic switches to control development in multicellular organisms

42
Q

Antifreeze Proteins

A

special-purpose protein

protect blood of Arctic/Antarctic fishes from freezing

43
Q

Green Fluorescent Protein

A

special-purpose protein

emits green light in jellyfish

44
Q

Monellin

A

special-purpose protein

provides sweet taste to an African plant

45
Q

Glue Proteins

A

special-purpose protein

secreted by mussels to attach to rocks

Cell Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions