General Principles of Urinary Processes Flashcards
list the main function of the kidneys, plus the 7 total functions
- primary function is to regulate the extracellular fluid volume and composition
- regulate water and electrolyte balance
- regulate acid-base balance
- excretion of metabolic waste and foreign substances
- regulation of red blood cell production
- regulation of vitamin D production
- gluconeogenesis
list the main function of the ureters
transport urine from the kidney (renal pelvis) to bladder
list the main function of the bladder
store urine and eliminate it when appropriate
list the 2 main functions of the urethra
- transport urine from the bladder to the external environment
- facilitate storage or controlled elimination of urine
what is the functional unit of the kidney? list the 4 parts
the nephron:
1. glomerulus/capillary tuft
2. glomerular/Bowman’s capsule
3. capsular/urinary/Bowman’s space (does not contain urine!! contains ultra-filtrate)
4. tubules (proximal, loop of Henle, distal)
summarize the main function of the glomerulus
massive filtration of almost exclusively water and small particles
identify the main tubular segments of the nephron and list their function
proximal tubule: bulk 2/3 reabsorption of filtrate with little regard for body needs; complete reabsorption of glucose and amino acids; secretion of organic acids/bases
loop of Henle: reabsorbs water and NaCl; but absorbs more NaCl than water, leading to hyperosmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid
distal tubule: fine tuning; Na+, K+, and H+ homeostasis; no water reabsorption
collecting duct: fine-tuning; Na+, K+, and H+ homeostasis; urine concentration via antidiuretic hormone regulating number of aquaporins
describe the general process for kidney function and urinary excretion of substances
excretion = filtration - reabsorption + secretion
glomerulus filters; tubules reabsorb and secrete