General Principles of Urinary Processes Flashcards

1
Q

list the main function of the kidneys, plus the 7 total functions

A
  1. primary function is to regulate the extracellular fluid volume and composition
  2. regulate water and electrolyte balance
  3. regulate acid-base balance
  4. excretion of metabolic waste and foreign substances
  5. regulation of red blood cell production
  6. regulation of vitamin D production
  7. gluconeogenesis
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2
Q

list the main function of the ureters

A

transport urine from the kidney (renal pelvis) to bladder

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3
Q

list the main function of the bladder

A

store urine and eliminate it when appropriate

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4
Q

list the 2 main functions of the urethra

A
  1. transport urine from the bladder to the external environment
  2. facilitate storage or controlled elimination of urine
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5
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney? list the 4 parts

A

the nephron:
1. glomerulus/capillary tuft
2. glomerular/Bowman’s capsule
3. capsular/urinary/Bowman’s space (does not contain urine!! contains ultra-filtrate)
4. tubules (proximal, loop of Henle, distal)

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6
Q

summarize the main function of the glomerulus

A

massive filtration of almost exclusively water and small particles

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7
Q

identify the main tubular segments of the nephron and list their function

A

proximal tubule: bulk 2/3 reabsorption of filtrate with little regard for body needs; complete reabsorption of glucose and amino acids; secretion of organic acids/bases

loop of Henle: reabsorbs water and NaCl; but absorbs more NaCl than water, leading to hyperosmolarity of medullary interstitial fluid

distal tubule: fine tuning; Na+, K+, and H+ homeostasis; no water reabsorption

collecting duct: fine-tuning; Na+, K+, and H+ homeostasis; urine concentration via antidiuretic hormone regulating number of aquaporins

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8
Q

describe the general process for kidney function and urinary excretion of substances

A

excretion = filtration - reabsorption + secretion

glomerulus filters; tubules reabsorb and secrete

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