General Principles of Pharmacology Flashcards
What are the three names for a drug?
chemical, generic, and brand (or trade)
What is the generic name for a drug?
identifies the drug no matter who the manufacturer is (ex. acetaminophen)
What is the trade name for a drug?
name given by manufacturer (ex. Tylenol)
True or false: drugs give you a new physiology
false: they will only turn up, turn down, or replace in case its missing
What is the difference between a primary effect and a secondary effect?
primary effect- intended effect on the body
secondary effect- unwanted or side effect
What are the routes of drug administration and an example?
oral (PO)- ibuprofen
sublingual (SL) or buccal- testosterone
transdermal- nicotine
rectal- acetaminophen
intravenous (IV)- morphine
intramuscular (IM)- influenza vaccine
subcutaneous (SC)- insulin
advantages to oral administration?
easiest way to administer, reversible
advantages to sublingual administration?
rapid absorption, avoids first-pass metabolism
advantages to transdermal administration?
easier to administer, avoids first-pass metabolism
advantages of rectal administration?
alternative route when GI system is upset
Advantages of intravenous administration?
rapid absorption, more precise control of drug levels, avoids first-pass metabolism
advantages of intramuscular administration?
more precise control of small amounts of drugs
avoids first-pass metabolism
advantages of subcutaneous administration?
allows slower release of drug
avoids first-pass metabolism
Describe the slow absorption route.
Enteral - administered through GI tract
oral
rectal (diffuse into capillary network)
sublingual (diffuse into capillary network)
Describe faster absorption route.
Parenteral - predominantly delivered through skin injection
subcutaneous- under skin
intravenous-into the vein
intramuscular-into muscle
epidural-into epidural space in spinal column and brain
intra articular synovial joint injections
topical- on skin for local effect
transdermal-on skin for absorption into circulation
inhaled
What is the pharmaceutical phase of drug effect?
how a drug progresses from the state in which it was administered, is disintegrated, and then is dissolved in solution
only applies to solid agents taken enterally
What is the pharmacokinetic phase of drug effect?
effect of the body on the drug; movement throughout the body
absorption->distribution->metabolism->excretion
