General Principles of Pharmacology

Question 1

What are the three names for a drug?

Answer 1

chemical, generic, and brand (or trade)

Question 2

What is the generic name for a drug?

Answer 2

identifies the drug no matter who the manufacturer is (ex. acetaminophen)

Question 3

What is the trade name for a drug?

Answer 3

name given by manufacturer (ex. Tylenol)

Question 4

True or false: drugs give you a new physiology

Answer 4

false: they will only turn up, turn down, or replace in case its missing

Question 5

What is the difference between a primary effect and a secondary effect?

Answer 5

primary effect- intended effect on the body
secondary effect- unwanted or side effect

Question 6

What are the routes of drug administration and an example?

Answer 6

oral (PO)- ibuprofen
sublingual (SL) or buccal- testosterone
transdermal- nicotine
rectal- acetaminophen
intravenous (IV)- morphine
intramuscular (IM)- influenza vaccine
subcutaneous (SC)- insulin

Question 7

advantages to oral administration?

Answer 7

easiest way to administer, reversible

Question 8

advantages to sublingual administration?

Answer 8

rapid absorption, avoids first-pass metabolism

Question 9

advantages to transdermal administration?

Answer 9

easier to administer, avoids first-pass metabolism

Question 10

advantages of rectal administration?

Answer 10

alternative route when GI system is upset

Question 11

Advantages of intravenous administration?

Answer 11

rapid absorption, more precise control of drug levels, avoids first-pass metabolism

Question 12

advantages of intramuscular administration?

Answer 12

more precise control of small amounts of drugs
avoids first-pass metabolism

Question 13

advantages of subcutaneous administration?

Answer 13

allows slower release of drug
avoids first-pass metabolism

Question 14

Describe the slow absorption route.

Answer 14

Enteral - administered through GI tract
oral
rectal (diffuse into capillary network)
sublingual (diffuse into capillary network)

Question 15

Describe faster absorption route.

Answer 15

Parenteral - predominantly delivered through skin injection
subcutaneous- under skin
intravenous-into the vein
intramuscular-into muscle
epidural-into epidural space in spinal column and brain
intra articular synovial joint injections
topical- on skin for local effect
transdermal-on skin for absorption into circulation
inhaled

Question 16

What is the pharmaceutical phase of drug effect?

Answer 16

how a drug progresses from the state in which it was administered, is disintegrated, and then is dissolved in solution
only applies to solid agents taken enterally

Question 17

What is the pharmacokinetic phase of drug effect?

Answer 17

effect of the body on the drug; movement throughout the body

absorption->distribution->metabolism->excretion