General Principles Flashcards
Drugs versus Medications
Drug- Foreign substances placed in the body Medication- Drugs used for medical purposes
6 Rights of Medication Administration
right person
right medication
right dose
right time
right route
right documentation
Medical asepsis
Medical environment free of pathogens
Sterile environment
Free of all forms of life
Medically clean
Careful handling of sterile equipment
Disinfectants vs Antiseptics
disinfectant - toxic to living tissue antiseptic - non toxic to living tissue
What information do you record when administering a medication? (5 major items)
- Indication for drug
- Dosage and route delivered
- Patient’s response to the medication (both positive and negative)
- Patient’s condition and vital signs before and after
- Record and document
Pulmonary Medication Administration 2 routes
Inhalation - nebulizer, inhalers
Endotracheal Tube - when IV or IO unavailable .. absorbed through pulmonary capillaries
Enteral Medication Administration 3 routes
Orally
Gastric tube
Rectally
Parenternal Medication Administration
Uses needles and syringes
Intradermal Injection
Define Size needle Degree of insertion
Within the skin
25-27 ga needle, 3/8 - 1 inch long 10-15 degree angle
Subcutaneous Injection
Define Size needle Degree of insertion
Below the skin
24-26 ga needle, 3/8 -1 inch long 45 degree angle
Intramuscular Injection
Define Size needle Degree of insertion
WIthin the muscle
21-23 ga needle, 3/8-1 inch long 90 degree angle
Intraveneous Access
Define 2 types
Within the vein
Peripheral venous and central venous
Colloidal solution
Define Name 4 common Colloids
Contain large proteins that cannot pass through the capillary membrane.
Remain in the circulatory system for a long time (We don’t use prehospital)
- Plasmanate, Albumin, Dextran, Hespan
Isotonic Solution
These have a tonicity equal to that of blood plasma. In a normally hydrated pt, will not cause a significant fluid shift.
Hypertonic Solution
These have a higher solute concentration than do the cells. In a normally hydrated pt, they cause fluid to shift out of the Intracellular compartment and into the extracellular compartment.
Hypotonic
These have a lower solute concentration than do the cells. In a normally hydrated pt, they cause fluid to shift from the extracellular compartment into the intracellular compartment.
IO Access Sites
4 most common sites
Proxima tibia (most common)
- Medial and inferior to anterior tibial tuberosity)
Medial malleolus of distal tibia
Humeral head Sternum
