General pregnancy physiology

Question 1

What is goodell’s sign?

Answer 1

Softening of the vagina and cervix due to increased blood flow in pregnancy

Question 2

What is chadwick’s sign?

Answer 2

Blue-ish discoloration of the labia, vagina and cervix due to increased blood flow in pregnancy

Question 3

What are the haematological changes in pregnancy?

Answer 3

Increase in red blood cell mass by 20% due to increased EPO and human placental lactogen
Increased WCC
Increase in plasma volume by 40% (2600ml-3800ml)
Resulting in physiological anaemia
Hyper coagulant state (increased clotting factors and fibrinogen)

Question 4

Normal maternal weight gain in pregnancy

Answer 4

10-15kg

Question 5

What happens to tidal volume in pregnancy

Answer 5

Increases by 50%

Question 6

What happens to the expiratory reserve volume in pregnancy?

Answer 6

Decreases by 20%

Question 7

What components of blood decrease in pregnancy?

Answer 7

Platelet count, clotting factors 11 and 13, protein S

Question 8

What components of blood increase in pregnancy?

Answer 8

Fibrinogen, clotting factors 7, 8, 9, 10, 12

Question 9

Which clotting factor is most attributed to hypercoaguable state in pregnancy?

Answer 9

7

Question 10

Oligohydramnios - amniotic fluid index?

Answer 10

<5cm

Question 11

Oligohydramnios - deepest pocket?

Answer 11

<2cm

Question 12

polyhydramnios - deepest pocket?

Answer 12

> 25cm

Question 13

polyhydramnios - amniotic fluid index?

Answer 13

> 8cm