General Physiology Flashcards
1
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QUESTION
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OPTION 1
2
Q
- (What is the basic living unit of the human body? A. Tissue B. Organ C. Cell D. Organelle)
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Answer: C
3
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- (Approximately how many cells are in the human body? A. 10 billion B. 1 trillion C. 100 trillion D. 25 trillion)
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Answer: C
4
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- (Which cell type is the most abundant in the human body? A. Neurons B. Red blood cells C. White blood cells D. Muscle cells)
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Answer: B
5
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- (What percentage of the adult human body is fluid? A. 40% B. 50% C. 60% D. 70%)
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Answer: C
6
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- (Where is the majority of body fluid found? A. Blood plasma B. Interstitial space C. Intracellular fluid D. Extracellular fluid)
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Answer: C
7
Q
- (What fraction of total body fluid is found in the extracellular compartment? A. One fourth B. One third C. Half D. Two thirds)
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Answer: B
8
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- (What is the primary medium through which extracellular fluid is transported? A. Lymphatic system B. Capillaries C. Blood D. Nerve impulses)
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Answer: C
9
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- (What term did Claude Bernard use to describe the internal environment of the body? A. Homeostasis B. Vital fluid C. Internal milieu D. Milieu interieur)
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Answer: D
10
Q
- (What is the meaning of the term “homeostasis”? A. Constant energy production B. Maintenance of stable internal conditions C. Equal distribution of nutrients D. Regulation of temperature only)
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Answer: B
11
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- (Which of the following is NOT directly involved in maintaining homeostasis? A. Respiratory system B. Gastrointestinal tract C. Integumentary system D. Lymphatic system)
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Answer: D
12
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- (Which organ system is responsible for supplying nutrients to the body? A. Musculoskeletal system B. Gastrointestinal tract C. Immune system D. Integumentary system)
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Answer: B
13
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- (Which system modifies and stores nutrients absorbed from the GIT into more usable forms? A. Musculoskeletal system B. Nervous system C. Liver and fat cells D. Endocrine system)
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Answer: C
14
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- (The primary role of the musculoskeletal system in internal environment control is: A. Nutrient digestion B. Movement and nutrient distribution C. Waste elimination D. Hormone production)
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Answer: B
15
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- (What is the major function of the kidneys in homeostasis? A. Digest proteins B. Maintain ionic balance C. Distribute oxygen D. Absorb carbohydrates)
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Answer: B
16
Q
- (Which system includes sensory, central, and motor divisions in regulating body functions? A. Endocrine system B. Circulatory system C. Nervous system D. Immune system)
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Answer: C
17
Q
- (Which of the following hormones is responsible for increasing the rate of chemical reactions in most cells? A. Insulin B. Cortisol C. Thyroid hormones D. Adrenaline)
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Answer: C
18
Q
- (Which system plays a key role in protecting the body from external threats and pathogens? A. Musculoskeletal system B. Immune system C. Endocrine system D. Respiratory system)
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Answer: B
19
Q
- (The integumentary system contributes to internal environment regulation mainly by: A. Digesting nutrients B. Enhancing chemical reactions C. Providing a protective barrier D. Producing hormones)
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Answer: C
20
Q
- (Who introduced the term “homeostasis”? a) Claude Bernard b) Walter B. Cannon c) William Harvey d) Robert Hooke)
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Answer: b) Walter B. Cannon
21
Q
- (What is the fundamental basis of physiology? a) Metabolic pathways b) Structure of organ systems c) Homeostasis d) Cell division)
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Answer: c) Homeostasis
22
Q
- (What happens when physiologic variables deviate beyond set limits? a) Increased adaptability b) Enhanced function c) Malfunction or dysfunction d) No effect)
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Answer: c) Malfunction or dysfunction
23
Q
- (What component of the homeostatic mechanism detects deviations in physiologic variables? a) Effectors b) Control center c) Sensors (receptors) d) Afferent pathway)
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Answer: c) Sensors (receptors)
24
Q
- (The role of the integrating or control center is to: a) Detect stimuli directly b) Correct deviations c) Receive signals and send response signals d) Produce hormones)
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Answer: c) Receive signals and send response signals
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6. (The pathway carrying information from receptor to control center is the: a) Efferent pathway b) Sensory cortex c) Afferent pathway d) Neural arc)
Answer: c) Afferent pathway
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7. (What structure in the homeostatic loop carries signals to effectors? a) Afferent pathway b) Efferent pathway c) Synaptic vesicles d) Baroreceptors)
Answer: b) Efferent pathway
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8. (Which component of homeostasis corrects the deviation and returns the variable to set limit? a) Sensor b) Effector c) Control center d) Integrator)
Answer: b) Effector
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9. (Which of the following best describes homeostasis? a) Maintenance of internal equilibrium through external changes b) The body’s ability to completely avoid change c) Maintenance of nearly constant internal environment d) Destruction of variable imbalance)
Answer: c) Maintenance of nearly constant internal environment
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10. (Which physiological variable is sensed by arterial baroreceptors? a) Body temperature b) Blood glucose c) Arterial blood pressure d) Oxygen saturation)
Answer: c) Arterial blood pressure
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11. (Baroreceptor response to decreased blood pressure results in: a) Decreased sympathetic activity b) Increased parasympathetic activity c) Arteriolar vasoconstriction d) Decreased heart rate)
Answer: c) Arteriolar vasoconstriction
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12. (Positive feedback mechanisms typically: a) Promote system stability b) Counteract deviations c) Increase deviation in the same direction d) Prevent death)
Answer: c) Increase deviation in the same direction
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13. (Which of the following is a classic example of positive feedback? a) Vasodilation during exercise b) Regulation of blood glucose c) Oxytocin amplification of uterine contractions d) Thermoregulation)
Answer: c) Oxytocin amplification of uterine contractions
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14. (Which statement is true regarding positive feedback systems? a) They always promote stability b) They are never beneficial c) They produce a vicious cycle if unregulated d) They function only in disease)
Answer: c) They produce a vicious cycle if unregulated
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15. (Which of the following is a beneficial positive feedback process? a) Hypertension-induced vasoconstriction b) Reflex bradycardia c) Milk let-down reflex d) Sweating due to high temperature)
Answer: c) Milk let-down reflex
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16. (In blood clotting, positive feedback is: a) Detrimental to homeostasis b) Unrelated to negative feedback c) A sub-process within an overall negative feedback d) Independent of homeostatic control)
Answer: c) A sub-process within an overall negative feedback
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17. (Which term describes anticipatory physiological responses before actual need arises? a) Post-feedback control b) Predictive homeostasis c) Feed forward control d) Reflex response)
Answer: c) Feed forward control
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18. (What best describes the concept of automaticity of the body? a) Dependence of organs on hormones b) Ability of body parts to act independently c) Reciprocal interplay of cells contributing to homeostasis d) External control of internal environment)
Answer: c) Reciprocal interplay of cells contributing to homeostasis
